unit4 earthquakes 第4单元 地震 （核心单词）
1. burst vt. & vi. (burst, bursting)爆炸；胀裂；突然而起；闯入；充满；满盈；
n. 突然破裂；爆发
联想拓展
burst out 迸发；突然发作；突然……起来
burst open推开；忽然打开； 裂开
burst through冲开；冲破；拨开
burst in upon打断(谈话等)；突然出现； 突然到达
burst in/ into闯入； 突然出现； 突然……起来； 突然发作
burst into后接名词时可表示不同的意义：
burst into laughter突然大笑起来
burst into tears突然大哭起来
burst into cheers突然欢呼起来
burst out后接动名词也表示同样的意思
burst out laughing/crying 突然大笑/哭起来
单项填空
every time he thought of his past, he couldn’t help bursting .(2010·济南一模)
a. when; out tears b. that; into crying
c. which; into tears d. /; out crying
解析：选d。burst out后接v.-ing形式，every time 相当于连词，引导状语从句。故选d。
2. event n. 事件；大事；比赛项目
the new book was the cultural event of the year.这本新书的出版是今年文化界的大事。
coming events cast their shadows before.未来之事先有征兆。
the next event will be the 100-metre race.下一个比赛项目是100米赛跑。
常用结构
at all events 无论怎样
in any event 无论如何
in the event of 万一；倘若
in the event of rain, the game will be postponed.要是下雨，球赛就延期。
易混辨析
occurrence/event/incident/accident
occurrence系常用词, 指“任何发生的事件”。
event 指“有重要意义的历史事件、重大事件”。
incident指“事件”, 尤指“比较不重要的小事件”。
accident指“意外事故”。
单项填空
①the national day and the international labour day are great in our country.(2010·河南镇平二轮)
a. things b. incidents
c. accidents d. events
②how many are going to be held in this summer olympic games?(2010·江苏启东一轮)
a. accidents b. incidents
c. events d. sports
答案及解析：①：选d。考查词义辨析。things是普通用词，指“情况；状况”；incident意为“事情；发生的事（常指小事）”；accident意为“事故”，强调未预料到的事情；event的意为“事件”，多指大事件。
②：选c。考查词义辨析。accident意为“事故”，指没有料到的恶性事件。incident指“事件”，多指不是很重要的事情。event多指“政治性的事件”，尤指大事。event也可以指（体育运动中的）比赛项目。
3. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救
常用结构
rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把……从……营救出来
come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人
a rescue team 救援队
a rescue mission 救援任务
rescue workers 救援人员
the police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. 警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。
the rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake. 营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。
michael rescued a boy from drowning. 迈克尔把溺水的男孩救了起来。
填空练习：用rescue的适当形式填空
①the mother, along with her two children, from the sinking boat by a passing ship.
②the firemen five children from the burning house yesterday.
答案：①has been rescued ②rescued
4. judge n. 法官；鉴赏家；裁判
vt.判断；估计
his father used to be a judge. 他的父亲过去是一名法官。
she’s a good judge of wine. 她是鉴别酒的专家。
the blind can’t judge colours. 盲人无法判断颜色。
don’t judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。
联想拓展
judgment n.判断，辨别力
judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过……判断……
as far as i judge 我认为
judging from...从……来看， 根据……判断
judging from what he said, he must be an honest man. 从他所说的话来看，他是个诚实的人。
(1)单项填空
the hat he , the old man is a farmer.(2010·山东日照检测)
a. judging from; is wearing
b. judging by; is having on
c. to judge by; putting
d. judged by; is putting
（2）填空练习：用judge的适当形式填空
① from his appearance, he must be a rich man.
②in her , he must be from the south.
答案及解析：(1)：选a。judging from为固定搭配，此处judging不与the old man形成逻辑主动或被动关系。wear, have on, dress都有“穿，戴”的意思，但搭配和意义不同。wear和have on都可以表示“穿着”的状态，然而have on没有进行时态；dress可以作及物和不及物动词，作不及物动词时意为“穿衣”，作及物动词时宾语是人。
(2)①judging ②judgment
5. ruin vt. 毁坏；毁灭。既可指实际的东西，也可指抽象的东西。
n.［u］毁坏；毁灭 ［c］（常用作复数）废墟
联想拓展
in ruins 严重损坏；破败不堪；落空
bring come to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产
bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡
fall/go to ruin 毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉
ruin oneself 毁掉自己
易混辨析
destroy/ruin/damage/harm
destroy 表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁，使之无法恢复，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。
ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打击的结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。
damage 一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。
harm 一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等。
what he faced ruined his hope. 他所面对的使他的希望破灭了。
the whole city was destroyed in the earthquake. 整个城市在地震中被毁掉了。
laziness will ruin one’s prospects. 懒惰会使人自毁前程。
we wanted to have a look at the ruins of pompeii.我们想看一下庞贝城的废墟。
they managed to repair the houses that had been damaged. 他们设法修复了受到破坏的房子。
单项填空
①i was by that law case. i’m a man. (2010·11·西安月考)
a. ruined; ruined b. ruined; destroying
c. damaged; destroyedd. destroyed; damaging
②many old temples ruins are now being rebuilt.
a. on b. by c. with d. in
答案及解析：①：选a。句意为：我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产，不名一文。ruin常用于借喻中，指损坏到了不能再使用的程度；damage不能指人，只指物；destroy指完全彻底地破坏，含有无法修复之意，也可用于借喻。第二个空应用过去分词作定语，表被动和完成之意。
②：选d。in ruins为固定搭配，意为“处于颓废状态”。
6. bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸于
联想拓展
be buried alive 被活埋
be buried under 为……所压倒；沉浸于,忙于
bury (oneself) in 埋头于；专心于；退居于(乡间等)
bury one’s head in the sand 自欺欺人，逃避现实（来自鸵鸟的习性）
the house was half buried under snow. 房子一半被埋在雪中。
if you continue to bury your head in the sand and refuse to recognize the fact that some of your classmates are catching up with you, it won’t be long before you find yourself left behind.如果你再拒绝承认你的一些同班同学已经赶上来了这一事实，那么不用多久，你就会发现自己落后了。
填空练习：选词填空（burying/buried）
i have a sigh, my head@in my hands.
答案：buried。句意：我叹了口气，把头埋进手里。此处的my head buriedin my hands作伴随状语，head与bury是被动关系，所以用buried。