39.虚拟语气在某些从句中的用法
<例句>
I wish I knew what was going to happen.
但愿我知道将要发生什么事情。
<语法分析>
在某些动词后面的宾语从句中需要用虚拟语气，在wish后的宾语从句中谓语主要有两种形式，即用过去式表示现在情况和用相当于过去完成时的形式表示过去的情况。此外在would rather (sooner), suggest, demand, insist和ask等词后面的宾语从句总也包含有虚拟语气。虚拟语气还可在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中和某些状语从句中使用。谓语有时用虚拟语气，特别是在由as if, as though等引导的状语从句里，谓语形式和一般虚拟语气差不多，表示现在的情况时用过去虚拟语气，表示过去的情况时用完成形式。
<触类旁通>
(1) I wish I could help you.
但愿我能帮你。
语法分析：wish后的宾语从句中用过去式表示现在的情况。
(2) I wish I had listened to your advice.
我要是听你的劝告就好了。
语法分析：用相当于过去完成时的形式表示过去的情况。
(3) I would rather you told me the truth.
我宁愿你给我讲真话。
语法分析：would rather [sooner]后面的宾语从句谓语多用过去式的形式，表示现在和将来的情况。
(4) He advices that I go at once.
他建议我马上去。
语法分析：某些词后面的从句多用虚拟语气。
(5) It is important that she work hard.
她努力工作是很重要的。
语法分析：虚拟语气可用在主语从句中。
(6) My suggestion is that we take the 7:00 train.
我的建议是坐七点的火车。
语法分析：虚拟语气可用在表语从句中。
(7) They expressed the wish that they be given more free time.
他们希望给他们更多的空闲时间。
语法分析：虚拟语气可用在同位语从句中。
(8) You look as if you didn't care.
你看上去好像不在乎的样子。
语法分析：虚拟语气可用在状语从句中。
<巩固练习>
(1) My mother wishes that she _____[go] to Japan.
(2) Suppose his father _____[turn] him out of doors.
(3) He asks that he _____[give] an oppprtunity to explain her case.
(4) It is essential that this mission not _____[fail].
(5) My idea was that they _____[lock up] the house.
(6) She behaves as if she _____[own] the place.
(7) It is not as though we _____[be] poor.
<参考答案>
(1) had gone (2) turned (3) be given (4) fail (5) should lock up (6) owned (7) were