赖世雄教你学英语语法
关系词
6-3:准关系代词than的用法
than之前若有名词时,than就等于than+前面的名词+关系代词(who,whom,which)。换言之,我们可将than视为关系代词,在所引导的从句中要做主语、宾语或be动词的补语。
1.主语
例:i have more money than is needed.
(我有的钱比需要的还多。)
more guests than were invited came.
(来的客人比受邀请的多。)
上列两例中,than之前有名词money或guests,入than为准关系代词,在引导的从句中,than之后有动词is或were,故than做主语。
第一例中than之前的名词money是不可数名词,故than之后的动词为单数的is。
第二例中than之前的名词guests是可数名词复数,故than之后的动词为复数的were。
例:there are more books than are needed.
(这里有超过所需要的书。)
明白了这个道理之后,我们以后千万不要再造这样的句子:
i have more money than it is needed.(x)
本例中多了主语it,使得than无法再做主语,故应将it删除。
2.宾语
than做宾语的用法,是我们常见的一种句型。只是我们已习以为常,而未注意than是个准关系代词。
例:i have more money than he needs.
(我有的钱比他所需要的多。)
例:i have more books than you have.
(我的书比你的多。)
但:than you have中的have与前面的i have中的have属于相同动词,所以为避免重复,第二个have就改成do,并可省略,而成:
i have more books than you do.或i have more books than you.
3.be动词的补语
例:he is a better student than you are.
(他是个比你好的学生。)
本例的than the student that中,that原为who,但关系代词表身份时,均用that取代。