赖世雄教你学英语语法
非谓语动词
1-7:疑问词+不定式=名词短语
1.形态
where to go(去哪里)
when to do it(何时做它)
how to swim(如何游泳)
wheher to go or stay(是否离开或留下来)
what to do(做什么)
which to buy(买哪一个)
whom to see(去看谁)
注意
where,when,how, whether均为疑问副词,无需做其后不定式中原形动词或介词的宾语。而what,which,whom则为疑问代词,一定要做其后不定式中原形动词或介词的宾语。
how to do(x)
理由:do为及物动词,how是副词,不能做do的宾语。
how to do it(o)
what to do(o)
whom to do it(x)
理由:do为及物动词,已有宾语it,故whom无法做宾语。
whom to do it with(o)
(和谁一起做此事。)
理由:whom可做介词with的宾语。
2.功能
名词短语等于名词,故在句中可做主语、宾语或be动词的补语。
(1)主语
例:what to do was the question.
(问题是做什么。)
(2)宾语
例:he is learning how to do it.
(他正在学如何做这事。)
there is no question as to who(m) to select.
(至于要选谁没有什么问题。)
下列句中的as to(有关)通常予以省略。
例:i am at a loss(as to)how to do it.
(有关如何做此事,我全然不知。)
(3)be动词之后的补语
例:the problem is where to set out.
(问题是从哪里开始。)