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赖世雄教你学英语语法 非谓语动词 3-2:动名词做主语补语

赖世雄教你学英语语法

非谓语动词

3-2:动名词做主语补语

例:seeing is believing.
(眼见为信。)

his hobby is collecting stamps.
(他的嗜好是集邮。)

注意

be动词之后可用不定式或动名词做补语。但稍早提过,用不定式做补语时,通常表示一种意愿、目的、计划或未完成的事;用动名词做补语时,则表示一种经验或已知的事。

例:his ambition is to win the championship.(o)
(他的野心是要赢得冠军。)
his ambition is winning the championship.(x)
理由:ambition表野心,企图,为尚未完成的事,故用不定式短语做补语。

同理:my [hope(希望)/goal(目标)/desire(企望)/wish(希望)/intention(意图)/plan(计划)] is to fulfil the mission.

例:the problem with him is being too lazy.
(他的毛病是太懒。)
理由:他的毛病是已知的事,故用动名词短语being too lazy做补语。

例:seeing is believing.
(眼见为实。)
理由:眼见为实,表示一种经验,故用动名词believing做补语。
但:若主语改用不定式to see,则为求对称的美观,补语可以改用to believe,即:
例:to see is to believe.
(眼见为实。)

注意

有时be动词之后的v-ing可能是动名词,也可能是现在分词。

例:she is dancing.
(她在跳舞。)

her hobby is dancing.
(她的嗜好是跳舞。)

分辨的方法:

由于动名词与主语均具有名词的性质,故有a is b;b is a 的逻辑特性。

因此我们只需将v-ing与主语换位,如果语意顺畅,即可断定该v-ing是动名词,否则必为现在分词。

例:her hobby is dancing.
(她的嗜好是跳舞。)

换位:dancing is her hobby.
(跳舞是她的嗜好。)

判断:语意顺畅,得知dancing为动名词。

she is dancing.
(她在跳舞。)

换位:dancing is she.(x)
(跳舞就是她。)

判断:跳舞是动作而非人,所以dancing不可能等于she,因此,得知dancing为现在分词。

注意

be动词之后的现在分词有两种特性。一种为纯做形容词用的分词,可译成“……的”;另一种则为动词的进行时,分析结构时,要将之前的be动词视为一体,译成“正在……”。

例:she is charming.
(她很迷人。)

she is dancing.
(她正在跳舞。)

that question is interesting to me.
(对我而言,那问题很有趣。)

john was writing a letter.
(约翰正在写信。)