赖世雄教你学英语语法
虚拟语气
1-2:用法及注意事项
使用纯条件虚拟语气时,要注意下列几点:
1.纯条件虚拟语气的if从句中,时态为现在时,表示若if的条件存在,就会有预期的结果。在上述的第一个例句中:if he is here,i will beat him.即告诉我们,他要是在这儿,我就会揍他。至于他现在是否在这儿,我们不知道。我们只知道“他要是在这儿”这个条件存在的话,就会有“我就会揍他”的预期结果。
2.表纯条件结构的连接副词不只if一一种。 once(一旦),when(当),before(在……之前),as soon as(一旦)等连接副词亦可构成条件句,其用法与if相同。
例:once i have money,i will buy a car.
(一旦我有钱,我会买辆车。)
when he finishes it, he may come.
(他做完事,就可以来了。)
3.通常助动词不置于if从句中,只置于主句中
例:if the news is true, he may be safe.
(如果消息属实,他很可能仍安然无恙。)
if the news will be true, he may be safe.(x)
但:if从句的主语为人时,可用can(能够)或will(愿意),must(非要……不可)等助动词。
例:if he can come, i will be happy.
(如果他能来的话,我会很高兴。)
if he will do it, i will be happy.
= if he is willing to do it, i will be happy.
(如果他愿意做的话,我会很高兴。)
if he must do it, he should do it with care.
= if he has to do it, he should do it with care.
(如果他非这样做不可的话,他得小心做。)
注意
if be will...的用法比较少见,最好避免。
4.我们已知纯条件虚拟语气的主句中,助动词均用现在时,但should为惟一例外。因为should表示“应当”之意,等于ought to,故不受限制。
例:if i have time, i (should/ought to) do it.
(如果我有时间,我应当去办这件事。)
但:if i have time, i could do it.(x)
----if i have time, i can do it.(o)
(如果我有时间,我可以做这件事。)
5.原本纯条件虚拟语气的if从句中,动词时态要用现在时,但亦可用原形动词,以突出条件的重要性。
例:if anyone makes the mistake, he should be punished.
= if anyone make the mistake, he should be punished.
(如果有人犯错就要被处罚。)
if he is mistaken, i will punish him.
= if he be mistaken, i will punish him.
(如果他搞错的话,我会处罚他。)
此类原形动词的用法比较少见,宜避免之。