赖世雄教你学英语语法
比较结构
1-6:以本身作为比较对象
比较句中通常比较对象是不同的人或物,但亦有与自己做比较的情形发生。
例:he studies harder than he did.
(他比从前用功。)
she looks younger than she is (young).
(她看起来比实际年轻。)
1.自行做比较时,句中的时态若不同,即主句为现在时,than从句为过去时,则than之后的主语以及其后之过去时be动词、助动词或一般动词变成的did不可省略。
(1)be动词
例:he is healthier than he was.
(他比以前健康。)
(2)助动词
例:he can sing better than he colud.
(他比以前唱得好。)
(3)一般动词
例:he works harder than he did.
= he works harder than he used to (work hard)
(他工作比从前努力。)
2.此类不同时态的自行比较结构中,主句及than从句均有对等的介词短语,或than从句有另一when引导的副词从句修饰时,than之后的主语及动词或助动词部分可以省略。
(1)介词短语
例:he is happier with mary than he is (happy) with jane.
= he is happier with mary than with jane.
(他和玛丽在一起比和珍妮在一起快乐。)
he is more interested in english than he is (interested) in japanese.
= he is more interested in english than in japanese.
(他对英语比对日语有兴趣。)
注意
介词短语时称时,第二个短语中的介词千万不可省略,否则会造成对象的错误比较。
例:he is more interested in english than he is in japanese.(o)
he is more interested in english than japanese.(x)
= japanese is interested in english.(x)
(他对英语的兴趣比对日语的兴趣高。)
不过有时候我们亦会在一段文章中见到这种错误的比较,勉强可以接受,但对严谨学习语法的我们应予以避免。
(2) when从句
例:he is much older than (he was) when i saw him ten years ago.
---- he is much older than when i saw him ten years ago.
(他比我10年前看见他时老多了。)
he is much older than i saw him ten years ago.(x)比较对象错误
本句成了he与i在做比较,而非he与he做比较。