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原理解析-黄老邪新东方英语语法第3章Part3

三大非谓语动词分别有自己特定的语法含义(详述与比较请看下回),而过去分词暗含着被动。

换一种说法,三大非谓语动词其实都可以转化成种类不同的从句。而这个从句就会表现为被动语态。

拿上面的例子来说话。

例(3) we owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. (nce-4/新概念第四册第二课)

我们来看此句的意思“我们要十分感谢那些吃昆虫的鸟和兽,然而把它们所杀死的昆虫全部加在一起也只相当于蜘蛛所消灭的一小部分。”

上句可以转换成:

we owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them, even if they are put together, kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.
也就是put together相当于一个让步状语从句,而这个从句本来是个被动语态。既然是被动,那么我们知道两点。

a.不及物动词无被动,除非构成及物的短语。

例(5)the boy looked.

例(6)the boy looked for is hidden behind the tree.

(5)中,look不及物,肯定是谓语动词。而(6)中,look for(寻找)是一个及物的短语,才有可能变被动式,作为非谓语动词。(6)相当于(7)the boy who is looked for is hidden behind the tree.

b. 及物动词变被动式后,后面的宾语就到前面作主语。