张道真简明英语语法第二十三章省略句(196) ．省略句概述 (elliptical sentences) ，主要讲了在口语语法中常用省略句的几种情况
1 ．英语句子，特别是在口语中，常会有词被省略，这样的句子称为省略句，被省略的部分可以是：
l ）主语：
( i ) beg your pardon ．请再说一遍。
（it ) doesn t matter ．没关系。
( do you ) want some ? （你）要一点吗？
2 ）谓语或谓语的一部分：
( is there ) anything you want ？你要什么东西吗？
( does ) anybody need help ？有人需要帮忙吗？
( are ) you hungry ？你饿吗？
3 ）宾语：
where is george ？—— i don't know ．
乔治在哪里？—— 我不知道。
she knows who did it , but she won t tell．
她知道是谁干的，但她不说。
4 ）主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）:
( i'm ) sorry ．对不起。
( come ) this way , please ．请这边来。
( are y ou ) t ired ？累了吗？
( are you ) looking for me ？找我？
5 ）不定式、冠词或其他东西：
he didn t come , though we had invited him to ( come ) .
他没来，虽然我们邀请了他。
( the ) fact is we don't know it ourselves ．事实是我们自己也不知道
shall we be late ？—— i hope ( we shall ) not ( be late ) .
我们会不会迟到？― 我希望不会。
2 ．有些句子只含有句子的一部分（如只有谓语或谓语的一部分），却很难说有什么词省略。这类句子可以称单部句（one member sentences ) ，如：
thanks a lot ．非常感谢。
what of it ？哪又有什么关系。
away with you ！滚开！
hands up ！举起手来
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练习及答案：
练习一：补出下列英语省略句中省略的词:
1 . haven't seen you for ages!
1 . ( i ) haven't seen you for ages!
2 . had a good time?
2. ( have you ) had a good time?
3 . looks like rain .
3 . ( it ) looks like rain.
4 . got to go now .
4 . ( i've ) got to go now
5 . anything i can do for you?
5 . ( is there ) anything i can do for you?
6 . what a pity you can't go with us!
6 . what a pity ( it is ) you can't go with us!
7 . sorry , wrong number.
7 . ( i'm ) sorry , wrong number.
8 . got a pen?
8 . ( have you ) got a pen?
9 . did you like the film ？—— oh , very much .
9 . did you like the film ？—— oh , (i like it) very much .
10 . trouble is we don't have enough tools .
10 . (the) trouble is we don't have enough tools .
练习二：将下面的省略句翻译成中文
1 . no smoking ( parking / spitting ) .
1 . 禁止吸烟（停车/ 吐痰）
2 . no entry .
2 ．不得入内。
3 . off with the lid .
3 ．把盖子揭开。
4 . out with it.
4 ．说出来。
5 . down with fascism !
5 ．打倒法西斯主义！
6 . on with your clothes.
6 ．把衣服穿上。
7 . off with your shirt .
7 ．把衬衫脱下。
8 . off to bed with you .
8 ．去睡觉去！
9 . down on your knees !
9 ．跪下！
10 . no bicycle against the wall !
10 ．不得靠墙放自行车。