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自然语序和倒装语序-张道真简明英语语法第二十二章语序(192)

192 .自然语序和倒装语序,主语和谓语有两种顺序,即:

1 )自然语序(natural order ) ― 即主语在前,谓语在后,这和汉语的顺序大体上是一致的,陈述句、‘凉叹句等多数是自然语序:
i have a bad pain in my back .
我的背疼得厉害。

scientists divide animals , plants and rocks into classes .
科学家把动物、植物和岩石分成若干类。

oh , how my heart beat !啊,我的心跳得这么厉害!

what a lot of photographs you'veve got!
你的照片真多!

2 )倒装语序(inverted order ) ― 即谓语放在主语前面,多数疑问句和一部分陈述句使用这种语序:

here is a registered letter .
这儿有你一封挂号信。

in came a man with a white beard .
忽然进来一个白胡子老头。

倒装语序又可分为两种:

1 )全部倒装(full invertion ) ― 即整个谓语放在主语前面:
here come the train .火车来了。
away went the runner .赛跑的人出发了。

2 )部分倒装(partial invension ) ― 只将谓语的一部分放在主语前面:
how do you spell that word ?那个字怎样讲?
lsn t it wonderful !这多好呀!

疑问句大部分是倒装语序:

how are you getting along ?你们相处得怎样?
do you know her telephone number ?你知道她的电话号码吗?
15 she leaving today or tomorrow ?她今天动身还是明天动身?
you enjoy your work , don t you ?你喜欢你的工作对吧?

如果主语是由疑问词表示的或修饰的,它就放在谓语前面:
who invented the televi , ion ?电视是谁发明的?
which side won the match ?哪边赛赢了?

在个别情况下,陈述句改为问句(do you know him ? ) ,这时就用自然语序。

练习及答案:在下面句子中的谓语下划线

1 . there goes the bell .
1 . goes

2 . down fell a dozen apples .
2 . fell

3 . round and round flew the plane .
3 . flew

4 . out sprang the cuckoo ?
4 . sprang

5 . in the door way stood a man with a gun .
5 . stood

6 . over the wall came a shower of stones .
6 . came

7 . where shall we meet ?
7 . shall … meet

8 . does she major in english ?
8 . does … major