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不定式的句法作用-第八章动词的非谓语形式(48)

48.不定式的句法作用

1.除了构成谓语外(如与情态动词构成复合谓语),不定式还可在句中用作:

1)主语:
to go or not to go is a question.
去还是不去是一个问题。

it is not easy to learn english well.
学好英语是不容易的。

2)宾语:
he decided to give up the job.
他决定放弃这项工作。

tell me how to do it.
告诉我该怎样做。

3)表语:
my job is to look after the baby.
我的工作是照顾宝宝。

4)定语:
i have a lot of things to do.
我有很多事情要做。

5)状语:
he often comes to see us.
他常来看我们。

不定式还可构成复合宾语(即作宾语的补语):
she told me not to go out.
她让我别出去。

2.不定式有时不带to:
i saw a man enter the room.
我看见一个人进屋来了。

3.有时还有被动(a)完成(b)及进行形式(c):
a. she like to be praised.
她喜欢受人赞扬。

i was glad to have been invited.
受到邀请我很高兴。

b. i'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
对不起给你添了这么多麻烦。

c. she seemed to be talking with somebody.
她似乎在和人谈话。