第三章 过去式和过去进行式
3-1 过去式
过去式是指过去所发生的事。举例来说,假如我昨天去看了一场电影,我就可以说:
i went to see a movie yesterday.
以下全部是正确的句子:
i saw your father last night.
i met your son last month.
i ate three apples this morning.
he went to church to pray last night.
可是,我们必须非常小心,因为一不小心,我们就可能犯了大错,我们如果要向情侣表示爱情,当然说: i love you.
如果我们说: i loved you. 事情就可能闹大了,因为这表示我过去曾经爱过你,可是现在已经不爱了。〝i? loved? you〞等于是〝i? loved? you before.? but? i? do? not? love? you? now.〞 假如我们看过一个小男孩然后我们说:he was a good boy. 那就是说他现在已不是一个好男孩了,变成了一个不乖的孩子,或者他已经死了。
英文里的过去式常常是侦探用来破案的线索。
有一次,有一个母亲,向警察报案,说她的女儿失踪了,她在记者面前,声泪俱下地说: she was such a nice girl. 警察马上觉得这位母亲有问题,因为她不该用过去式的,用了过去式,表示女儿已经死了,可是母亲不是说她失踪了吗?为什么她用过去式,极有可能因为她知道她女儿已经死了,才脱口而出,用了过去式。警察因此怀疑母亲本人就是凶手,事实也果真如此:这位母亲打自己的女儿,出手太重,将女儿打死了,谎报女儿失踪,她用了过去式,使警察知道她有问题。整个案子的侦破,就在于过去式。
我们因此不能轻易用过去式,但我们也千万要注意,该用过去式的时候,一定要用过去式,以下句子都是错的:
*i go to school yesterday.
*i see a movie last night.
*my mother comes to see me last month.
*i eat three apples this morning.
*he is happy yesterday.
以上句子的正确写法是:
i went to school yesterday.
i saw a movie last night.
my mother came to see me last month.
i ate three apples this morning.
he was happy yesterday.