第八章 被动语气(passive voice)
8-1 及物动词和不及物动词
任何一个英文句子必定有一个动词，请先注意以下例句的动词
1.he was a teacher before.
2.he went to school yesterday.
3.he hit a dog.
4.i saw you yesterday.
5.he walks to school every day.
6.he sent this book to me.
7.they are good students.
8.he wrote two novels.
9.they ate all of the apples.
10.he swims every morning.
在以上的例子中，第3、4、6、8及9句子中的动词都是及物动词（transitive verbs）。这些动词后面都跟着一个名词，而这个名词是动词的受词（object），其它句子的动词，都是不及物动词，因为他们都没有任何受词。 我们将以上句子中，主词、及物动词和受词的关系分析如下：
句子
he hit a dog.
i saw you yesterday.
he sent his book to me.
he wrote two novels.
they ate all of the apples.
主词
he
i
he
he
they
及物动词
hit
saw
sent
wrote
ate
受词
dog
you
his book
two novels
all of the apples
一旦动词是及物动词，我们就可以将这个句子由原来的主动语气（active voice）改成被动语气（passive voice）。但我们也要警告读者，不要轻易用被动语气，因为有时被动语气的句子是不自然的。