Job Searching for Graduates in Different Countries
面对就业难，各国毕业生如何面对？
随着毕业的到来，无数中国大学生也面临着“就业难”的尴尬境地——“蚁族”、“蜗居”等这些曾大肆流行的网络词汇足以揭示近几年的大学毕业生的整体就业状况。不光是中国的大学毕业生，在全世界，数以千万计的大学毕业生也同样在为工作奔波。外国大学生们热衷于何种工作，他们对找工作是否有独特心得和可借鉴之处？马上就来看看各国毕业生是如何应对毕业后的工作与生活。梦想照进现实是否只是遥不可及的奢望？
Graduates in Great Britain: A Boomerang Generation
英国毕业生：“回巢族”的困惑
A poll reveals that of this year’s crop of graduates, 27% will be heading home to live with parents. The comments on the “boomerang generation”, along with explanations that young people prefer free catering and laundry in the parental home to the challenge of independence.
一项调查显示，在今年的英国毕业大军中，约27%的毕业生将会回到家中与父母同住。相比面对独立生活的挑战，这群如今被称为“回巢族”的毕业生更喜欢父母提供的免费食宿。
But most parents are worried — for their own offspring and for this generation as a whole. Among the boomerang generation, some have applied, unsuccessfully, for hundreds of jobs, some have piecemeal（零碎的）or part-time work, several are taking MAs（硕士学位）“to boost their chances” and a large number have “internships”, as employers now call unpaid labour. Only a few have found jobs appropriate to their qualifications.
但大多数父母都会为自己的子女以及这一代人担忧。“回巢族”中的一些人申请了无数份工作，但都没有什么结果；一些人只能选择打零工或做兼职；一些人选择上研究生课程，“期望增加自己的就业机会”；还有很多人只能做实习生——也就是被雇主称为“免费劳动力”的职位。只有少数人找到合适的工作。
Ask the so-called boomerang generation and they’ll tell you they are desperate for independence. Some, unable to find employment, are depressed. What must it feel like to apply for so many jobs, to face repeated rejection, to wonder if you can ever join the adult world? How can these individuals have the key experiences of growing up? Because having a job is not just about having money, it’s about developing a sense of your competence, about self-worth, about learning to work with colleagues, and the complexities of contemporary society. Without that chance to grow, the boomerang generation’s life will be actively damaged.
其实，“回巢族”也渴望独立，只是一些人在找不到工作后便意志消沉。试想一下，如果在找工作过程中接连碰壁，并怀疑你能否融入成年人的世界时，你会作何感想？在这种状况下，年轻人如何才能获得成长？因为工作并不只是为了挣钱，而是为了提升你的能力，实现个人价值，学会与同事相处，以及了解社会的复杂性。没有这样的成长机会，“回巢族”的人生无疑会遭到破坏。
Graduates in America Face Struggle
美国毕业生就业难
Three broad issues will make it tougher for today’s American graduates to launch their careers and succeed over the long run.
美国毕业生也面临着“就业难”的问题。
First, the job market is still far from booming: March and April’s disappointing job numbers — employers added only 154,000 and 115,000 jobs, respectively, compared with an average gain of about 250,000 in the previous three months — suggest the recovery remains fragile.
首先，就业市场还远算不上繁荣。3月和4月的就业数据令人失望，分别只增加了15.4万个和11.5万个工作岗位，而之前三个月平均每月约增加25万个就业机会——这表明经济复苏依然疲软。
Second, the class of 2013 faces tougher competition thanks to “the recession hangover”. Young adults who graduated into the dire labor market of 2011 and 2012 and have been out of work are applying for the same jobs as new grads are. The same goes for earlier grads who were laid off during the recession. Those job candidates, many of whom likely have more experience than new grads, may have an edge.
其次，由于“经济衰退后遗症”的存在，2013年的毕业生面临着更严峻的竞争。受前几年糟糕就业形势影响，而一直没有找到工作的往届毕业生们，也会在今年与应届毕业生们同时竞争工作岗位。这部分求职者经验丰富，他们比应届毕业生更有优势。
Last, a debt burden looms. Tuition isn't getting any cheaper, so loan figures are expected to be even higher for the current crop of graduates. That means a greater share of any starting salaries they receive would go to repaying lenders, rather than to rent, furnishings or a down-payment fund for a house, delaying financial independence for many young adults.
最后，美国毕业生面临着沉重的债务负担。学费年年上涨，这批毕业生的贷款额度也越来越高。这就意味着他们工作之初的微薄薪水，不得不拿出一大部分用来还贷款，而不是用来租房子、买家具，或支付房子的首付款，这也无形中推迟了他们财政独立的时间。
Even when new graduates do find jobs, their starting salaries tend to be lower than those for their counterparts who graduated a decade earlier, adjusted for inflation. With a lower base pay, they may never catch up.
由于通货膨胀，即使这些毕业生们找到了工作，他们的起薪也比那些10年前的毕业生要低得多。由于基本工资更低，他们也许永远也赶不上以前毕业生的水平。