unmasked: adolf hitler's virulent hatred of the jews led to the holocaust, which claimed six million lives
adolf hitler's obsessive hatred for jews was sparked by his experiences after world war one, according to a new book.
respected historian ralf-george reuth argues the dictator blamed them for both the russian revolution and the collapse of the german economy.
the claim is a stark contrast to previous theories that hitler's anti-semitism was spawned on the back streets of vienna when he was a down-and-out in the lead up to 1914.
historians have even speculated that he was partly-jewish himself – or even that his mother died at the hands of an inept jewish physician.
'hitler’s jewish hatred; cliché and reality’draws on numerous archives to pinpoint the reasons behind the holocaust, which claimed six million lives.
reuth argues that what was probably lower middle-class bigotry shared by many at the time, morphed into murderous hatred for hitler after 1919.
at the time almost half of all german private banks were jewish owned, the stock exchange dominated by jewish stockbrokers, almost half of the nation’s newspapers were jewish run as were 80 per cent of chain stores.
it became fashionable to decry the loss of the war on jewish financiers.
but hitler, according to reuth, also blamed jews for the russian revolution, citing leon trotsky’s faith, as well as that of marx whose theories he followed and even lenin, who was one-quarter jewish.
when a soviet republic was declared briefly in munich that year, argues reuth, the die was cast for hitler to demonise the jews as bearing responsibility for the world’s ills.
'with world war one lost and germany in financial ruin, with revolution threatening, he came to see the jews as solely responsible for stock-exchange capitalism, which caused acute poverty and suffering when it faltered, and bolshevism,' said reuth.
'these two events were pivotal in shaping his views of jews and his subsequent plan to murder them all.
'he bought into the rumours and the whispers that blamed jewish capitalists for stabbing germany in the back.
the final solution: millions of jews died at auschwitz concentration camp, seen here after the war ended in 1945
the final solution: millions of jews died at auschwitz concentration camp, seen here after the war ended in 1945
'then he saw that many jews played prominent roles in the brief soviet republic founded in munich in 1919, against everything hitler the nationalist stood for.
'the two events, together with the russian revolution, coalesced to turn them, in his mind, into scapegoats for everything.
'but it was only after world war one, not before. i show that he had many jewish acquaintances in vienna, despite his writing in mein kampf that he was sickened by the sight of the jews he saw there.'
reuth draws on a wealth of archival material showing how hitler fed off the intellectuals of the day to shape his belief.
he quotes nobel prize-winning novelist thomas mann who wrote in 1919 that he equated the bolshevik revolution in russia with the jews.
ernst nolte, a berlin historian, expounded this theory over 20 years ago in a paper that was not given much credit at the time.
reuth is a distinguished nazi-era biographer who wrote an acclaimed book about third reich propaganda master josef goebbels.
flashpoint? reuth claims the role of jewish people in the 1917 russian revolution was one of the triggers for his hatred
flashpoint? reuth claims the role of jewish people in the 1917 russian revolution was one of the triggers for his hatred
阿道夫．希特勒对犹太人仇恨及憎恶，导致他发动对犹太人的大屠杀，夺走了六百万犹太人的生命。
根据一本新出版的书，阿道夫．希特勒在第一次世界大战后的经历是导致他顽固仇恨犹太人的原因。
尊敬的历史学家ralf-george reuth，认为独裁者指责犹太人应为俄国革命和崩溃的德国经济负责。
这个主张与先前认为在1914年希特勒在维也纳街头穷困潦倒，才萌发反犹太主义的看法完全不同。
历史学家们猜测，甚至他很可能自己就是犹太人，或他的母亲因一个无能的犹太医生而死。
希特勒对犹太人的憎恶; cliché和reality'在许多档案中一点点找出大屠杀背后的原因.对犹太人的大屠杀夺走了六百万人的生命。
reuth认为， 1919年前大多数时候希特勒处在下层社会，可能对现状的不满产生憎恨犹太人的想法。
当时，犹太人拥有几乎一半的德国私人银行，犹太人股票经纪人统治着证券交易所，几乎一半的国家报纸，百分之八十的连锁商店是犹太人所经营。老百姓谴责犹太资本家是使战争失败的罪魁祸首。
根据reuth说法，希特勒指责是犹太人造成的俄国革命，理由是利昂．托洛茨基是犹太人，并信奉马克思主义的理论，希特勒甚至指责列宁，因为他是四分之一的犹太人。
reuth认为，希特勒在慕尼黑的时侯，苏联的宣布成立，希特勒已注定成为犹太人的魔鬼，他认为犹太人应为世界变坏承担责任。
reuth说，随着德国在第一次世界大战中战败，金融崩溃，革命的威胁，希特勒认为完全应由犹太人为证券市场垮塌，并由此产生的严重的贫困和痛苦，布尔什维克主义负全部责任。这两个事件是塑造了希特勒对犹太人主要看法，和随后的谋杀所有犹太人计划。
希特勒散布各种谣言，称该死的犹太人资本家在德国背后捅刀子。
the final solution: millions of jews died at auschwitz concentration camp, seen here after the war ended in 1945
最后的解决办法：直到1945年战争结束，有数百万犹太人死于奥斯维辛集中营，
然后，1919年希特勒在慕尼黑看到为建立苏联，许多犹太人发挥着突出的作用，这与希特勒主张的民族主义相反。
这两个事件，再加上俄国革命，这些事合在一起，在他看来，德国成了替罪羊。
尽管在他的书《我的奋斗》中，他厌恶在维也纳看见的犹太人。但是，只是在第一次世界大战之后，而不是之前。我可以告诉你，他在维也纳也有许多相识的犹太人。
reuth利用丰富的档案材料，显示希特勒是如何依靠那时知识分子的观点来形成他的信仰。
他引用了1919年诺贝尔奖获得者托马斯曼写的---布尔什维克革命等于俄罗斯犹太人进行的革命。
柏林历史学家恩斯特．诺尔特， 20年前他在报纸上阐述了这一观点，不过在当时没有几乎没有多少人相信。
reuth是一位著名的纳粹时代传记作家，他写了著名传记《第三帝国宣传部长约瑟夫．戈培尔》。
flashpoint? reuth claims the role of jewish people in the 1917 russian revolution was one of the triggers for his hatred
新的观点？ reuth认为， 1917年犹太人在俄国进行的革命是触发他仇恨犹太人的原因之一。