Europe Bans X-Ray Body Scanners Used at US Airports
欧洲禁止在美国机场使用x射线全身扫描仪
The European Union on Monday prohibited the use of X-ray body scanners in European airports, parting ways with the U.S. Transportation Security Administration, which has deployed hundreds of the scanners as a way to screen millions of airline passengers for explosives hidden under clothing.
周一欧盟禁止在欧洲机场使用x射线全身扫描仪,与美国运输安全管理局已部署了数以百计的扫描仪作为一种拍摄数百万乘客炸药藏在衣服的方法。
The European Commission, which enforces common policies of the EU's 27 member countries, adopted the rule “in order not to risk jeopardizing citizens’ health and safety.”
欧盟委员会(European Commission)执行欧盟27个成员国的共同政策,采用规则”为了不危及公民的健康和安全风险。”
As a ProPublica/PBS NewsHour investigation detailed earlier this month, X-ray body scanners use ionizing radiation, a form of energy that has been shown to damage DNA and cause cancer. Although the amount of radiation is extremely low, equivalent to the radiation a person would receive in a few minutes of flying, several research studies have concluded that a small number of cancer cases would result from scanning hundreds of millions of passengers a year.
ProPublica / PBS NewsHour调查详细本月早些时候,x射线全身扫描仪使用电离辐射能量的一种形式,可以破坏DNA并导致癌症。虽然辐射的量极低,相当于辐射一个人将得到几分钟的飞行,几个研究已经得出结论,少量的病例是由扫描每年数以百万计的乘客引起的。
European countries will be allowed to use an alternative body scanner, on that relies on radio frequency waves, which have not been linked to cancer. The TSA has also deployed hundreds of those machines – known as millimeter-wave scanners – in U.S. airports. But unlike Europe, it has decided to deploy both types of scanners.
欧洲国家将被允许使用另一个身体扫描仪,依靠无线电波,尚未与癌症有关。TSA也部署了数以百计的这些机器——被称为毫米波扫描仪在美国机场。但与欧洲不同的是,它决定部署两种类型的扫描仪。
The TSA would not comment specifically on the EU’s decision. But in a statement, TSA spokesman Mike McCarthy said, “As one of our many layers of security, TSA deploys the most advanced technology available to provide the best opportunity to detect dangerous items, such as explosives.
TSA不会专门针对欧盟的决定置评。但在一份声明中,美国交通安全管理局发言人迈克•麦卡锡说:“作为我们的一个多层的安全、运输安全管理局部署最先进的技术可以提供最好的机会来检测危险物品,如炸药。
“We rigorously test our technology to ensure it meets our high detection and safety standards before it is placed in airports,” he continued. “Since January 2010, advanced imaging technology has detected more than 300 dangerous or illegal items on passengers in U.S. airports nationwide.”
“放置在机场之前我们严格测试我们的技术,以确保它符合我们的检测和高安全标准,”他继续说。“2010年1月以来, 在美国全国机场乘客先进的成像技术已经发现超过300危险或非法物品。”
Body scanners have been controversial in the United States since they were first deployed in prisons in the late 1990s and then in airports for tests after 9/11. Most of the controversy has focused on privacy because the machines can produce graphic images. But the manufacturers have since installed privacy filters.
全身扫描仪在美国已经争议自从他们第一次部署在监狱在1990年代末,然后在机场测试9/11之后。大多数的争议集中在隐私,因为机器能产生图像。但制造商已经安装隐私过滤器。
As the TSA began deploying hundreds of body scanners after the failed underwear bombing on Christmas Day 2009, several scientists began to raise concerns about the health risks of the X-ray scanner, noting that even low levels of radiation would increase the risk of cancer.
于2009年圣诞节,内衣炸弹袭击失败后TSA开始部署数百名全身扫描仪,一些科学家开始提高x射线扫描仪的健康风险的担忧,并指出,即使是低水平的辐射也会增加患癌症的风险。
As part of our investigation, ProPublica surveyed foreign countries’ security policies and found that only a few nations used the X-ray scanner. The United Kingdom uses them but only for secondary screening, such as when a passenger triggers the metal detector or raises suspicion.
作为我们的调查的一部分,ProPublica调查外国国家的安全策略,发现只有少数国家使用x光扫描仪。英国使用它们只进行二次筛选,如当乘客触发金属探测器或产生了怀疑。
Under the new European Commission policy, the U.K. will be allowed to complete a trial of the X-ray scanners but not to deploy them on a permanent basis when the trial ends, said Helen Kearns, spokeswoman for the European transport commissioner, Siim Kallas.
在新的欧洲委员会政策,英国将被允许完成试验的x射线扫描仪永久的基础上而不是将它们部署在庭审结束后,海伦卡恩斯说,欧盟交通专员的发言人,卡拉斯。
“These new rules ensure that where this technology is used it will be covered by EU-wide standards on detection capability as well as strict safeguards to protect health and fundamental rights,” Kallas said.
”这些新规则确保这种技术在哪里使用它将由欧盟标准检测能力以及严格的安全措施来保护健康和基本权利,”卡拉斯说。
Five-hundred body scanners, split about evenly between the two technologies, are deployed in U.S. airports. The X-ray scanner, or backscatter, which looks like two large blue boxes, is used at major airports, including Los Angeles International Airport, John F. Kennedy in New York and Chicago's O’Hare. The millimeter-wave scanner, which looks like a round glass booth, is used in San Francisco, Atlanta and Dallas.
五百年身体扫描仪,对两种技术之间的均匀分割,部署在美国机场。x光扫描仪,或后向散射,这看起来像两个大的蓝盒子,用于主要机场,包括洛杉矶国际机场,约翰•肯尼迪(John f . Kennedy)在纽约和芝加哥奥黑尔。毫米波扫描仪,它看起来像一个圆形玻璃展台,在旧金山,亚特兰大和达拉斯。
Within three years, the TSA plans to deploy 1,800 backscatter and millimeter-wave scanners, covering nearly every domestic airport security lane. The TSA has not yet released details on the exact breakdown.
在三年内,TSA计划部署1800后向散射和毫米波扫描仪,覆盖几乎所有国内机场安检通道。TSA尚未公布具体细节。