Janpan's Nuclear-Plant Information True or Not?
日本核电站信息可信吗？
International criticism about the adequacy of Japan's radiation monitoring and disclosure is spotlighting the government's handing of potential hazards to the public.
国际社会有人批评日本在核辐射监测和信息披露方面存在不足，这使人开始关注日本政府是如何处理这个可能对公众构成潜在威胁的事故。
northeastern Japan, where government workers and employees of the plant operator are battling to keep nuclear material under control.
周三晚，美国政府建议本国公民不要进入日本东北部福岛第一核电站周围 80公里的区域内。目前日本政府公职人员和该电站的运营商正在努力使电站内的核物质得到控制。
The move shook many in Japan because Japanese authorities asked people within just 12 miles, about 20 kilometers, to leave their homes, and those within 18miles, about 30kilometers, simply to stay indoors. Residents also are grappling with reports of higher-than-normal radiation in areas surrounding the power plant, though reported levels so far fall far short of the point at which humans suffer any lasting injury.
美国政府此举让许多日本人感到震惊，因为日本政府只要求福岛第一核电站周围20公里内的居民实施疏散，而那些居住在距核电站超过20公里但不足30公里地区的居民，政府只是让他们留在家里不要出门而已。当地居民还在努力了解各种有关核电站周围地区核辐射量高于正常水平的报导，虽然迄今为止被报导出来的核辐射量远低于可对人体造成持久伤害的水平。
"People in Fukushima are reaching the limit of anxiety and anger," said Yuhei Sato, governor of Fukushima prefecture, or state, where the troubled plant is based. In addition to the stress of living in shelters, Fukushima evacuees are facing supply shortages of food and fuels, as some delivery trucks avoided the area in what Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano described as "over-reaction."
福岛县官员佐藤雄平说，福岛人民的焦虑和愤怒已达到极限。福岛县被疏散出来的民众除了要承受生活在避难所的压力外，还面临着食品和燃料供应短缺的问题，因为一些货运卡车不愿前往这一地区。日本内阁官房长官枝野幸男将这种现象称为"过度反应"。
In Washington on Thursday, Obama administration officials and the head of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission stopped short of criticizing directly the quality of information received from Japanese officials or the operators of the nuclear plant. But they said the U.S. is deploying personnel , aircraft and radiation detection technology to gather information independently. "The facts on the ground are genuinely complex and confusing," said Deputy Energy Secretary Daniel Poneman during a White House briefing in the afternoon.
周四在华盛顿，奥巴马政府官员和美国核能管制委员会的负责人不再直接指责从日本官员或福岛第一核电站运营商处所获得信息的准确性。但他们说，美国正在部署人员、飞机及核辐射探测设备，以独立收集有关日本核辐射的信息。美国能源部副部长彭曼周四下午在白宫的一个情况通报会上说，事故核电站现场的情况真的既复杂又让人困惑。
At Fukushima City, 60 miles from the plant, government monitors recorded radiation of 20 microsieverts per hour, a level that won't have long-term health effects but is roughly 1,000 times higher than in Japanese cities far from the plant.
在距福岛第一核电站约96公里的福岛市，政府监测人员记录到的核辐射量为每小时20微希弗，这一辐射水平不会对人体健康造成长期影响，但大约是远离该核电站的日本城市辐射量的 1,000倍。
Also in Fukushima City, radioactive elements, including iodine, cesium-135 and cesium-137, were found in drinking water. The amounts of such elements were roughly one-quarter the levels that will make the water unfit to drink, Fukushima prefecture said.
福岛市也已在饮用水中发现了棋、钝-135和铠-137等放射性物质。福岛县称，饮用水中这些放射性元素的含量如果再增加三倍，水将不再适于饮用。
Japanese government officials defend their limits as prudent.On Thursday, Mr. Edano said radiation levels hadn't changed significantly since the government sent helicopters and fire trucks earlier in the day to cool nuclear waste at the site.
日本政府官员辩解说，他们对核电站周围人员疏散半径的规定是经过深思熟虑的。日本内阁官房长官枝野幸男周四说，自从政府当天早些时候派直升飞机和消防车去冷却福岛核电站的乏燃料以来，核电站的辐射水平一直没有大的变化。
To help soothe the public's fears, Japan's science and technology ministry Wednesday began posting radiation test results in each of Japan's 47 prefectures. In Tokyo, the radiation level was stable around 0.052 microsieverts per hour Thursday and within the city's normal range between 0.028 and 0.079 microsieverts per hour. Experts say Japanese authorities generally use the same equipment and methodology as their counterparts elsewhere.
为帮助安抚公众的恐惧心理，日本文部科学省周三开始公布日本全部47个县的核辐射检测结果。东京的辐射量周四稳定在大约每小时0.052微希弗的水平，符合该市每小时核辐射量0.028 -0.079微希弗的正常值。专家们说，日本当局通常使用的是与其他国家相同的监测设备和方法。
U.S. Ambassador John Roos said Wednesday that the U.S. was bringing in its own radiation-detection equipment only to add resources, not because of any deficiencies with Japan's equipment.
周三，美国驻日本大使约翰·鲁斯说，美国用自己的辐射探测设备只是为了增加可用资源，并不是因为日本的设备有何缺陷。
Much of the international uncertainty about readings from Japan as well as suspicion among Japanese people that they aren't hearing the truth stems from the reluctance of Tokyo Electric Power Co. , the operator of the plant damaged by the March 11 earthquake and tsunami, to release specific information on its six overheating reactors, some of which are now emitting radiation.
国际社会对日本测得的辐射水平存在疑虑，日本民众也怀疑他们听到的并非实情，这些不确定性很大程度源自东京电力公司。作为3月11日地震和海啸中受损核电站的经营商，该公司不愿发布有关其6个过热反应堆的具体信息，部分反应堆目前正在释放辐射。
The company, known as Tepco, releases measurements for the plant as a whole. On Thursday night, it said the radiation level there was 3,600 microsieverts per hour, only slightly lower from those seen in the morning. On Monday, radiation levels at the plant's gate had spiked temporarily to more than 11,000 microsieverts per hour, equivalent to what a person is exposed to in 11 years Thursday night's level is roughly four times the maximum annual exposure recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
东京电力发布的是核电站的整体监测结果。周四晚，公司称辐射水平为每小时3，600微西弗，只比早晨的水平稍有下降。周一，核电站大门处的辐射水平一度飘升至每小时11,000微西弗以上，这相当于一个人11年接收的正常辐射量。周四晚的辐射水平约为美国环境能源署建议的一年最大辐射量的4倍。
The company, by far the largest operator of nuclear-power plants in Japan, over the past decade also has acknow reporters. The company says it doesn't have specifics because it doesn't want its employees too close to reactor buildings.
东京电力公司是目前日本最大的核电站运营商。过去10年，该公司曾承认过对核电站事故和问题的信息有过隐瞒。部分反应堆的数据未得到公布，这成为东京电力在情况通报会上与记者的争论点。东京电力称，由于不想让工作人员离反应堆厂房太近，因此并没有掌握细节信息。
The government monitors radiation outside the plant and has recorded alarming spikes over the past week. On Wednesday afternoon, the government said the radiation level at the gate jumped to 10,900 microsieverts per hour, well above hazardous levels. The U.S. federal government recommends taking protective actions such as evacuation when doses of radiation could exceed 10,000 microsieverts. The measure has since dropped significantly.
日本政府监测核电站外的辐射水平，过去一周多次监测到辐射水平骤升到可怕的程度。周三下午，政府说核电站大门处的辐射水平升至每小时10，900微西弗，远远高于危险水平。美国联邦政府建议，当辐射量可能超过10，000微西弗时，就应采取疏散等保护措施。后来该核电站大门处的辐射水平大幅下降。
Radiation sickness -temporary drops in white blood cells and lymphocyte6 often accompanied by nausea and diarrhea-typically starts at radiation levels of around 250,000 microsieverts. Exposure to such levels would also increase the long-term risk of developing leukemia and cancer.
在辐射水平达到250，棚微西弗左右时，人体一般会出现辐射病症状，即白血球细胞和淋巴细胞暂时减少，通常伴有恶心和腹泻。受到这种程度的辐射还会增加此后患白血病和癌症的风险。
On Thursday, the government increased the maximum allowable exposure to emergency workers at the Fukushima plant to 250 ,000 microsieverts. Some Japanese aren't taking chances. Seiko Ishibashi, a 42-year-old yoga instructor, flew to Singapore with her teenage daughter on Tuesday, moving up the departure for a family vacation planned for this weekend. "Looking at radiation data for different cities in the newspaper, I thought Tokyo would probably be safe but 30 kilometers looked a bit too close," she said. While shopping at a mall Thursday, Mr. Ishibashi bumped into two friends who have also voluntarily evacuated from Tokyo.
周四，日本政府将福岛核电站应急工作人员可受到的最大辐射量增加至 250，000微西弗。有些日本人决定不冒这个险。42岁的瑜伽教练松田石桥将原定本周末全家度假的计划提前了，周二就和她十几岁的女儿飞往新加坡。她说，看到报纸上各国城市的辐射数据，我觉得东京可能会是安全的，但30公里好像有点太近了。周四在新加坡的商场购物时，她碰见了两位也从东京主动撤离的朋友。