dr. timothy johnson: what should we be worried about in terms of our feet, as we step up our activity in the spring?
蒂摩西·约翰逊医生：随着我们在春季的运动量增多，应该注意哪些脚部问题呢？
dr. paul greenberg: uh, the main things to be worried about in the springtime is, as we increase our activity, we are prone to overuse injuries, and other damage to the foot. now, one of the most common types of overuse injuries we see heel spur syndrome, or plantar fasciitis. we see ankle sprains, we see achilles tendonitis, we see stress fractures. um, other common complaints in the springtime,as people start to wear, let’s say, open-toed shoes, is uh,athlete’s foot, or tinea pedis and onychomycosis.
保罗·格林伯格生：呃，我们在春季主要应该注意的脚部问题是：由于我们的运动量增加，很容易造成过劳性损伤以及脚部的其他损伤。目前，最常见的一种过劳性损伤是跟骨骨刺综合症或足底筋膜炎。我们要当心脚踝扭伤、跟腱炎和足部应力性骨折。嗯，因为人们开始穿所谓的露趾鞋，脚气（即脚癣）和甲真菌病也是春季的多发病。
dr. timothy: a fungus infection?
蒂摩西医生：是真菌感染吗？
dr. paul: correct. toenail fungus. as people start to exercise more,heel spur syndrome is a very, very common complaint, it comprises fifteen percent of all adult complaints of the foot. it’s due to an inflammation of a ligament called the plantar fascia on the bottom of the foot. uh…self treatment to prevent this includes stretching exercises, like a calf stretch, um, proper athletic shoes, and avoiding flimsy shoes such as flip flops, and shoes that don’t give a lot of support.
保罗医生：没错。脚趾甲真菌感染。随着人们锻炼开始增多，跟骨骨刺综合症是非常普遍的疾病，占有成人脚部疾病的15%。跟骨骨刺综合症是由于叫做跖腱膜的足底韧带发炎所致。呃……预防这种疾病自我保健方法有伸展运动，比如小腿伸展，嗯，穿适宜的运动鞋，不要穿人字拖等轻便的鞋子，以及不能给脚部太多支撑的鞋子。
dr. timothy: lemme jump in right at that point because we know that both adults and kids especially tend to wear these kinds of shoes, crocs, flip flops,uggs, whatever. uh…are these automatically bad for you?
蒂摩西医生：我们就来谈谈这一点，因为我们知道成人和孩子都特别喜欢穿这种鞋子，卡骆驰鞋、人字拖、乌戈牌拖鞋，诸如此类。呃……这些鞋肯定会对脚部有损害吗？
dr. paul: uh…yes, these are automatically bad for you. they’re bad for you because they have soft soles6 that’ll usually bend in the center of the sole and not underneath the ball of the foot where your toes bend. so if you look at the human foot, it’ll bend where the toes are and that’s where the sole of the shoe should bend.but uggs, crocs, flip flops will bend right in the center, right in the arch, and it’ll put stress and strain on the plantar fascia. typically what happens is, people will use these shoes, they’ll develop pain in their foot, and then ladies more so than men will say “oh, ya know, i need to stay in a flat shoe because i’m having foot pain.” it’s a myth that heels are bad for your feet, and then it’ll just aggravate the symptoms.
保罗医生：呃……是的，这些鞋子的确会损害你的脚。因为这些鞋子的鞋底很软，通常在鞋底的中间弯曲，而不是在脚趾弯曲的地方——即跖球下方——弯曲，所以对你的脚部有损害。如果你观察人们的脚，就会发现脚是在脚趾的地方弯曲，所以那里才应该是鞋底弯曲的地方。但乌戈牌拖鞋、卡骆驰鞋人字拖却是在鞋底正中间，即足弓处弯曲，这导致跖腱膜承受压力和张力。这种情况经常发生：人们穿这些鞋，造成脚部疼痛，而症状比男性更严重的女士们便会说，“哦，你知道，我得穿平底鞋，因为我的脚痛。”其实鞋跟不会直接危害脚部健康，它只是会加重这种症状。
dr. timothy: i think of pregnant women, i suppose that they’re at special risk for foot problems.
蒂摩西医生：我想到了孕妇，我觉得她们特别容易出现脚部问题。
dr. paul: yes, pregnant women are at risk for foot problems. one,they’re increasing their weight.two, their feet have a tendency to swell, as the fetus will put compression on certain structures that’ll cause swelling in the feet.and lastly, they secrete a hormone called relaxin. relaxin helps the pelvis spread so the baby can exit the body, but it also affects the ligaments in the feet, causing a stretching of those ligaments.
保罗医生：没错，孕妇会有脚部问题。首先，她们的体重增加了。其次，她们的脚很容易肿胀，因为胎儿会对某些身体组织施加压力，使得脚部肿胀（胎儿重量的压迫会使淋巴液即血液回流不佳，导致下肢肿胀——编者注）。最后，她们分泌一种叫做松弛素的荷尔蒙。松弛素有助于骨盆打开，让胎儿从母体中出来，但松弛素也会影响脚部韧带，使脚部韧带松弛。
dr. timothy:
so as i hear you talking about all of these things, besides avoiding common sense overuse, it sounds like the shoe is really critical.
蒂摩西医生：我听你讲了这么多，除了通常意义上的脚部过劳，看起来鞋子也非常重要。
dr. paul: the shoe is critical. um,it’s important to have a shoe with a rigid counter. the counter is the part behind your heel, you should look at your counter and if it collapses or it’s very soft, and either the…from side-to-side, you should look at a different shoe. you wanna take the sole and bend it, and either make sure that it doesn’t bend or it bends underneath the toes, and lastly, you want the shoe to have some torsional stability, meaning when you twist it. dr. timothy: so uggs, crocs,etcetera are ok if you’re just lying around lounging on the beach, or at the pool or something, but they’re not made for running andreal activity that puts weight onyour foot.
保罗医生：鞋子的确很重要。嗯，穿有坚固后帮的鞋非常重要。后帮是鞋跟后面的部位，你要看看鞋的后帮，如果后帮很容易塌或是非常软，或左右摇晃，那你应该看看其他鞋子。你应该看看鞋底，将鞋底弯折一下，确保鞋底不会弯曲或只是在脚趾下面的位置弯曲。最后，你要挑有一定扭转稳定性的鞋子，我是说当你扭鞋底的时候。蒂摩西医生：所以，如果你只是慵懒地躺在沙滩上或游泳池边这类场所，那么穿乌戈牌拖鞋、卡骆驰鞋等这类鞋子没有问题，但这类鞋不适宜跑步以及会真正对脚施加压力的运动。
vocabulary:
1. fungus n. 真菌。
2. inflammation n . 炎症，发炎。
3. flimsy a . 脆弱的，轻薄的。
4. flip flops: 人字拖。
5. lemme: 就是“let me”的意思。
6. sole n . 鞋底。
7. fetus n . 胎儿。
8. secrete v . 分泌。
9. pelvisn . 骨盆。
10. counter /`k0nt2/n . （鞋的）主限