permeability
渗透率
1. permeability is the ability of the formation to conduct fluids. from usage the name for fluid conductance capacity of a formation is permeability. it is a property of the porous medium and is measure of capacity of the medium to transmit fluids. the measurement of permeability, then, is a measure of the fluid conductivity of the particular material. it can be determined from samples extracted from the formation or by in-place testing. two methods are used to evaluate the permeability of cores. the method most used on clean, fairly uniform formations utilizes small cylindrical samples, perm plugs. the second method uses full-diameter core samples in length of 1-1.5 ft. the fluid used with either method may be gas or any nonreactive liquid.
1．渗透率是岩层传导流体的能力。从用法上讲，渗透率就是流体传导能 力的术语。它是多孔介质的性质之一，是对介质传导流体能力的量度。因此渗透率的测量是对特定物质流体传递能力的测量。它可通过采集的岩层样品 或现场测量来确定。有两种方法可用来测量岩芯的渗透率。对含泥很少、相 当均质的岩层最常用的方法是利用小圆柱体泼姆塞样品。第二种方法是利用 外径为1—1．5英尺岩芯样品。两种方法中的流体为气体或任意不发生化学反应 的流体。
2. so far permeability is referred to rock conditions where a singie-phase fluid saturation was considered. in petroleum reservoirs, however, the rocks are usually saturated with two or more fluids, such as interstitial water, oil, and gas. effective permeability is introduced here to describe the simultaneous flow of more than one fluid. in the definition of effective permeability each fluid phase is considered to be completely independent of the other fluids in the flow network.
2．目前讲到的渗透率只涉及只考虑单相流体的饱和的岩石的条件。然而在储油层中，岩石通常被两种或更多的流体饱和，如间隙水、油和气。有效渗透率描述多种流体同时流动的情况。在有效渗透率的定义中，每一个流体 相被认为与流体网络的其它流体相互独立。
3. the effective permeability is a relative measure of the conductance of the porous medium for one fluid phase when the medium is saturated with more than one fluid. this definition of effective permeability implies that the medium can have a distinct and measurable conductance to each phase present in the medium.
3．有效渗透率是在多孔介质被多种流体饱和时，对单一流体相孔隙介质 传导性的相对量度。这一有效渗透率定义意味着介质对存在于其中的每一种 流体有明显的和可测量的传导性。
4. experiments have established that effective permeability is a function of the prevailing fluid saturation, the rock-wetting characteristics, and the geometry of the pores of the rock. it becomes necessary, therefore, to specify the fluid saturation when stating the effective permeability of any particular fluid in a given medium. the effective permeability is stated as some numerical value at some given saturate conditions. just as k is the accepted symbol for permeability, ko, kw, and kg are the respected symbols for the effective permeability to oil, water, and gas respectively. the saturations, if known, should be specified to define completely the conditions at which a given effective permeability exists. unlike the previously defined permeability, many values of effective permeability now exist, one for each particular condition of fluid saturation.
4．实验证实有效渗透率是岩石中占主导地位的流体的饱和度、湿润岩石性质和岩石孔隙几何形状的函数。当陈述特定介质中任何一种流体的有效渗 透率时，有必要具体说明流体的饱和度。有效渗透率用在一定饱和条件下的数值表示。如果k被用来表示渗透率，则ko、kw和kz分别代表油、水和气的 有效渗透率。如果已知饱和度，就应将其详细说明来定义特定有效渗透率的 存在条件。与上文所定义的渗透率不同，渗透率有许多数值，每—个数值都 表示流体饱和的特定条件。
5. effective permeabilities are normally measured directly in the laboratory on small core samples. however, owing to the many possible combinations of saturation for a single medium, laboratory data are usually summarized and reported as relative permeability. relative permeability is defined as the effective ratio of the effective permeability of a fluid at a given value of saturation to the effective permeability of that fluid at 100 per cent saturation. it is normally assumed that the effective permeability is the same for all fluids at 100 per cent saturation, 'this permeability being denoted as the permeability of this porous medium.
5．有效渗透率一般是在实验室中对小体积岩芯样品直接测量得出的。然 而由于对于单一介质中流体饱和度有许多可能的组合，因此实验室所获得的 数据常常被归纳和陈述为相对渗透率的数据。相对渗透率被定义为在一定的 饱和度时流体的有效渗透率与流体在百分之百饱和时的有效渗透率的有效比值。通常假设所有流体在百分之百饱和时的有效渗透率是相等的，某一渗透率特指某—多孔介质的渗透率。
6. in addition, there are many instances when, not two fluids, but three fluids exist in the rock simultaneously. thus two-phase relative permeability data had to be amplified and extended for three-phase systems.
6．此外，在许多情况下不是两种而是三种流体同时存在于岩石中。因此，两相相对渗透率必须拓展为三相相对渗透率，以适应三相流体体系。
notes
1．pl，l．2 “conductance”意思是“传导”，“传递”：“fluid conductance”为 “导流”：“conductivity”意思是：“传导能力”，“传递能力”，等于 ‘‘conductance capability’’。
2．p1，l．7 “the method most used…”句中“most”等于“mostly”，属于副 词。与“slow”二“slowly”、“quick”二“quickly”用法类似。
3．p4，l．1 “experiments have established thatthat effective permeability．．．” 句中“the prevailing fluid saturation”、“rock-wetting characteristics”牙口“the geometry of the pores of the rock”是并列成分，都是“a function of”后面 的介词宾语。
4．p．4,l．6“just as k is the accepted symbol for…”句中的“respected”等于 “related”。可改写为：“…are symbols for the effective permeability related to oil，water，and gas respectively．”
5．p．5,l．8“，．．．this permeability being denoted as the permeability of this porous medium．”“this”等于“acertain”。