plagiarism exposed at university
暴露在大学里的剽窃
1. you do not need a sophisticated grasp of mechanical engineering, let alone of "wear debris particle analysis", to spot something odd about the following sentences taken from two different learned works on the subject:
1．你不需要掌握复杂的机器工程学理论，更不用知道“磨损碎片颗粒分析”是什么，你就会发现下面的句子的奇怪之处，它们是从同一课题的两篇 不同学术论文中摘取下来的：
2. "wear particles or debris can be seen as the product of the removal of material from surfaces in relative motion, especially when a machine enters an abnormal wear mode." (ibrahim albidewi, doctoral thesis, swansea university 1993.)
2， “磨损颗粒，也叫碎屑，是从相对运动的两个物体表面，特别是当机 器进入一种超常的磨损模式时脱落下的材料废屑。”(斯旺西大学1993年博士论文，作者ibrahimalbidewi)
3. "wear debris can be seen as the product of the removal of material from surfaces in relative motion, especially when a machine enters an abnormal wear mode." (t.g barraclough, masters thesis, swansea university 1996.)
3． “被磨损的碎片，是从相对运动的两个物体表面，特别是当‘一部机器 进入一种超常的磨损模式时脱落下的材料废屑。”(斯旺西大学1996年硕士论文，作者t．gbarraclough)
4. what they are trying to say is that bits fall off machines - especially when they start to break down. but academics are supposed to talk like that. what they are not supposed to do is copy others' work. the two texts above are similar - if words "particle" and "or" and a comma are removed, they are identical.
4．作者们试图说的是，颗粒从机器上脱落下来，特别当机器开始损坏时。 但是，学术上是应该那样说的。他们不应该做的是拷贝他人的作品。上面的两段文字是相似的，如果把 “颗粒”和“或者”，以及一个逗号拿掉，它们则完全相同。
5. this example is part of a thesis that appears to have been plagiarized at swansea university, part of the university of wales. it has emerged five years after a royal inquiry criticized academic standards at the university.
5．这是一篇在斯旺西大学里发现的显然被剽窃论文的部分，该校属于威 尔士大学。这件事发现在一个皇室调查团批评了该大学的学术标准的五年后。
6. the case, in the mechanical engineering department; came to light when ansymana koroma, a student from' sierra leone, appealed against a decision not to award him a ph.d.
6．机器工程系的这个案子得以公开，起自一个来自塞拉利昂的学生，ansymanakoroma先生，对校方不授予他博士学位决定的上诉申辩。
7. mr. koroma, an experienced lecturer and a recognized expert in this field, became concerned when it was suggested that he should pass on results from his research to an msc student. when he looked into the matter, he found three examples of direct copying of ph.d. theses in the department.
7．科罗马先生是一个经验丰富的讲师，也是一个在本领域得到承认的专 家。当有人建议他把自己的研究成果交给一个硕士生时，引起了他的主意。 当他深入调查此事时，他在机器工程系里发现了直接拷贝博士论文的三个例 证。
8. the most obvious was an msc thesis submitted as original work in 1996 by t.g. barraclough. substantial chunks appeared to have been copied from a 1993 ph.d. thesis by ibrahim albidewi. in some sentences small changes have been made - "particle" is sometimes replaced with "debris" when describing the residues left in machine oil - but whole sections of the theses are identical. a diagram in the 1993 thesis was simply photocopied for the msc.
8．其中最明显的一个是，一篇属名t．g．barraclough的硕士论文，1996 年以“原作”提交申请学位，其中成块的章节显然拷贝于一篇1993年的博士论文，该博士论文的署名作者是ibrahimalbidewi先生。某些句子做了很小修改，如当解释留存在机油中的残留物时，用“碎片”带替“颗粒”，但是， 两论文该部分几乎完全相同。硕士论文甚至用复印机直接拷贝93年博士论文的全图表。
9. the work of mr. albidewi is not credited and does not feature in the msc bibliography.
9．论文中没有感谢albidewi先生的的功劳，也没有把他的论文列为参考 名录。
10. mr. koroma said: "it's appalling. i believe academic standards,particularly in the supervision of post graduate research, are wanting." he is calling on university of wales to conduct an inquiry.
10．科罗马先生说，‘‘这些发现令人吃惊。我认为学风标准有待提高，特别是在研究生项目的督导上。”他呼吁威尔士大学组织调查团进行调查。
11. he claims that swansea accepted him as a student in 1992 knowing that no one in the engineering department had the necessary expertise to supervise his work.
11．科罗马先生声称，在1992年斯旺西大学是在明知系里没有人有必备的专业知识能指导他的研究工作的情况下接受他为学生的。
12. according to mr. koroma, equipment at the university was inadequate and the university could not afford to replace it.
12．据科罗马先生说，大学里的设施不全，而且学校没有能力更换它们。
13. he alleges that his department took five months to provide him with the oil necessary to his research. he was encouraged to repeat using dirty oil and to conceal flaws in research - for which he was failed by the external examiner.
13．他申辩说，系里为提供他的研究必需的机油，用了整整五个月的时间。学校怂恿他使用污油，并且掩盖研究中的缺陷，为此，在外聘的主考人前， 他的答辩失败了。
14. jeffrey pritchard, secretary-general of the university of wales, said: "mr. koroma's appeal is under consideration and will be treated with due seriousness. we will also be examining any ramifications of the case."
14．威尔士大学的秘书长jeffreypritchard说，“科罗马先生的上诉申辩目前正在研究中，并且我们一定会以严肃的态度处理。同时，我们将审查与这个事件相关的所有事件。”