威尔玛•鲁道夫 wilma rudolph （田径 美国）
rome, 5 september 1960, games of the xvii olympiad. women's athletics, from right to left at the 200m finish: wilma rudolph of the united states 1st, barbara lerczak-janiszewska of poland 3rd and judith heine of germany 2nd.
born: 23 june 1940
birthplace: st. bethlehem (united states)
nationality: united states
sport: athletics
attendance at the olympic games
melbourne / stockholm 1956
rome 1960
awards
olympic medals:
gold: 3
bronze: 1
other results:
pan american games
silver: 1 (59)
overcoming childhood handicaps
as a small child, wilma rudolph suffered through polio, scarlet fever and double pneumonia. the 20th of 22 children, she overcame these handicaps to become one of the greatest women sprinters of all time. as a 16-year-old, she won a bronze medal in the 4x100m relay at the 1956 olympics. four years later, rudolph set a world 200m record (22.9) at the 1960 u.s. championships. at the rome olympics, she competed in the 100m, 200m and 4x100m relay.
after equaling the world record of 11.3 seconds in the semifinals of the 100m, she won the final by three metres in 11.0. a following wind deprived her of an official world record in the 100m. three days later she scored an easy victory in the 200m. finally, she anchored the u.s. team to a world record of 44.4 seconds in the semifinals of the 4x100m relay and then earned her third gold medal in the final.
for her speed, grace, and beauty, the european press dubbed rudolph "the black gazelle." the following year, rudolph equalled the world 100m record (11.3) and four days later she posted a new record of 11.2 in addition to leading the u.s. to another world relay record. her brilliant career ended with her retirement in 1962 after which she devoted herself to coaching and worked extensively with underprivileged children. wilma rudolph died tragically young from a brain tumor at the age of 54.
生日：1940年6月23日
出生地：伯利恒，美国
国籍: 美国
项目: 田径
参加奥运会时间：
1956年澳大利亚墨尔本夏季奥运会
1960年意大利罗马夏季奥运会
奥运成绩:
金牌 3枚
铜牌 1枚
其他成绩:
泛美运动会
银牌1 枚1959年
战胜儿时残疾
威尔玛•鲁道夫在小时候身体不太好，曾经得过小儿麻痹、猩红热和双侧肺炎，她们家里一共有22个孩子，鲁道夫是第20个，但她最终战胜了这些儿时疾病，成为奥运历史上最伟大的女子短跑运动员之一。1956年墨尔本奥运会上， 16岁的鲁道夫获得4×100米接力的铜牌。四年后，鲁道夫在1960年的美国锦标赛上以22秒9的成绩打破了200米的世界纪录。在罗马奥运会上，鲁道夫参加了100米、200米和4×100米接力的比赛。她在100米半决赛中平了11秒3的世界纪录，之后又在决赛中跑出11秒0，以3米优势赢得胜利。由于顺风，她的100米成绩没能被承认为正式世界纪录。三天后，她轻松在200米比赛中夺金。最后的4×100米接力，她帮助美国队在半决赛中就将世界纪录改写为44秒4，并在决赛中得到了她的第三块奥运金牌。由于她跑步的姿态优雅，欧洲体赞誉她为“黑羚羊”。鲁道夫在1962年宣布退役，结束自己的运动生涯。退役后，鲁道夫从事教练生涯，并且为穷苦儿童做了大量的工作。鲁道夫后来不幸死于脑瘤，年仅54岁。