jin
unity was restored briefly in the early years of the jin dynasty （a.d. 265-420）， but the jin could not long contain the invasions of the nomadic peoples. in a.d. 317 the jin court was forced to flee from luoyang and reestablished itself at nanjing to the south. the transfer of the capital coincided with china's political fragmentation into a succession of dynasties that was to last from a.d. 304 to 589.
during the process of sinicization accelerated among the non-chinese arrivals in the north and among the aboriginal tribesmen in the south. this process was also accompanied by the increasing popularity of buddhism in both north and south china. despite the political disunity of the times， there were notable technological advances. the invention of gunpowder and the wheelbarrow is believed to date from the sixth or seventh century. advances in medicine， astronomy， and cartography are also noted by historians.
晋
晋朝（公元265-420）在早期暂时恢复了统一。但是，晋朝并不能长期抵制游牧民族的入侵。公元317年，晋王朝被迫逃出洛阳，南迁重建了都城-南京。当时中国在政治上正分裂成一系列的王朝，这种分裂局面从公元304年一直持续到公元589年。
在此期间，汉化进程在到达北方的非汉民族中和在南方居住的本地少数民族中大大加强了。与此同时，南北方的佛教流传更为广泛。尽管当时国家正处于政治分裂之中，但科技的进步却是显著的。人们确信，火药和手推车是在六、七世纪时发明的。医药、天文和绘图技术等也引起了历史学家的重视。