the 1967 international and universal exposition, or expo 67 as it was commonly known, was the first first category exhibition approved by the bureau of international exhibition in the americas. it was held in montreal, quebec, canada, from april 28 to october 29, 1967. it was considered to be the most successful world's fair of the 20th century, with over 50 million visitors and 62 nations participating. it also set the single-day attendance record for a world's fair with 569,000 visitors on its third day.
expo 67 was canada's main celebration during its centennial year. the fair was originally intended to be held in moscow, to help the soviet union celebrate the 50th anniversary of the russian revolution but, for various reasons, the soviets decided to cancel, and canada was awarded it in the fall of 1962. the project was not originally overwhelmingly supported in canada. it took the determination of montreal's mayor, and a new team of managers, to guide it past political, physical and temporal hurdles. defying even a computer analysis that said it could not be done, the fair opened on time.
after expo 67 ended in october 1967, the site and most of the pavilions lived on as an exhibition called man and his world, open during the summer months from 1968 until 1981. by that time, most of the buildings, which had not been designed to last beyond the original exhibition, had deteriorated and were dismantled. today, the islands that hosted the world exhibition are mainly used as parkland and for recreational use, with only a few remaining structures from expo 67 to show that the event was held there. many canadians from that time still regard it as one of the country's finest cultural achievements.
theme songs
the official expo 67 theme song was composed by stephane venne and was titled: "hey friend, say friend / un jour, un jour". complaints were made about the suitability of the song as lyrics mention neither montreal nor expo 67. the song was selected from an international competition. over 2,200 entries from 35 countries were made.
but the song that most canadians associate with expo was written by bobby gimby, a veteran commercial jingle writer who composed the popular centennial tune "ca-na-da", which went on to sell over 500,000 copies. gimby earned the name the "pied piper of canada". the music for "ca-na-da" was arranged by ben mcpeek, who also created the music played in the canadian pulp and paper industry pavilion. in 1971, gimby granted all future royalties to the boy scouts of canada.
the theme song something to sing about, used for the canadian pavilion, was initially written for a 1963 television special.
the ontario pavilion also had its own theme song: "a place to stand, a place to grow", which has evolved to become the unofficial theme song for the province.
legacy
after 1967, the site struggled for years as a standing collection of international pavilions known as "man and his world." however, as attendance declined, the physical condition of the site deteriorated, and less and less of it was open to the public. in 1975 the Île notre-dame section of the site was completely rebuilt around the new rowing and canoe sprint (then flatwater canoeing) basin for montreal's 1976 summer olympics. space for the basin, the boathouses, the changing rooms and other buildings was obtained by demolishing many of the former pavilions and cutting in half the area taken by the artificial lake and the canals. in 1976, a fire destroyed the acrylic outer skin of buckminster fuller's dome. with the site falling into disrepair it began to resemble ruins of a futuristic city. in the late 1970s, scenes for robert altman's post-apocalyptic ice age film quintet were shot on site, as was the "greetings from earth" episode of battlestar galactica, which portrayed it as the ruins of a city left behind after a biological attack. the music video for the song ghost town by cheap trick was also shot on this site. some of the footage showing the united kingdom pavilion was reused in buck rogers. minor thematic exhibitions were held at the atlantic pavilion and quebec pavilion, until the montreal casino was built. the remaining original exhibits of the site closed for good in 1982.
after the man and his world exhibition was discontinued, the former site for expo 67 on Île sainte-hélène and Île notre-dame, has been incorporated into a municipal park run by the city of montreal. in the year 2000, the park was renamed from parc des Îles to parc jean-drapeau, after the mayor that brought the exhibition to montreal. in 2006, the corporation that runs the park also changed its name from the société du parc des Îles to the société du parc jean-drapeau. two prominent buildings remaining in use on the expo grounds are the buckminster fuller dome (now operating as an environmental sciences museum called biosphère) and the habitat 67 residences. also, the french and quebec pavilions now form the montreal casino. la toundra hall is part of the surviving structural remains of the canadian pavilion. it is now a restaurant and special events hall. another part of the pavilion now serves as the administration building of parc jean-drapeau. katimavik's distinctive inverted pyramid and much of the rest of the canadian pavilion were dismantled during the 1970s. the jamaican pavilion was recently rebuilt, and place des nations, where the opening and closing ceremonies were held, also survives. a part of the korean pavilion remains as a shelter for the bus route that connects with the metro station. additionally, the former tunisian pavilion exists as a city of montreal/parc jean drapeau administration and logistics center. it is within the vicinity of the cosmos bridge, which connects Île sainte-hélène to Île notre-dame. the bridge linked the two islands and at either end were the american and soviet pavilions respectively. other remaining structures include sculptures, lampposts and landscaping. the montreal metro subway still has at least one "man and his world" logo on a station's wall. la ronde survives and is expanding. in 2001 it was sold to the new york amusement park company six flags.[30] the alcan aquarium built for the expo remained in operation for a couple of decades until its closure in 1991. the expo parking lot was converted into victoria stolport, a short-take off airport for several years.
another attraction on today's Île notre-dame site is the circuit gilles villeneuve race track that was used for the canadian grand prix. the olympic basin is used today by many local rowing clubs. a recently built beach on the shores of the remaining artificial lake, has been very popular during the summer months. there are many acres of parkland and cycle paths on both Île sainte-hélène and the western tip of Île notre-dame. in previous years the site has been used for a number of events such as a bie sponsored international botanical festival, les floralies. the young trees and shrubs planted for expo 67 are now mature. the plants introduced during the botanical events have flourished also. in the warmest weeks of the summer the two islands are cool, leafy havens compared to the overheated city. in the winter, brave montrealers skate on the frozen olympic basin, whipped by the glacial winds coming from the saint lawrence river.
in a political and cultural context, expo 67 was seen as a landmark moment in canadian history.as the montreal star described it: "the most staggering canadian achievement since this vast land was finally linked by a transcontinental railway". in 1969, as a salute to the cultural impact the exhibition had on the city, montreal's new major league baseball team, the expos, was named after the event. 1967 was also the year that invited expo guest charles de gaulle, on july 24, addressed thousands at montreal city hall by yelling out the now famous words: "vive montréal... vive le québec ...vive le québec libre!" (see vive le québec libre speech). de gaulle was rebutted in ottawa by prime minister lester b. pearson: "canadians do not need to be liberated, canada will remain united and will reject any effort to destroy her unity". in the years that followed, the tensions between the english and french communities would continue. as a contemporary homage to the fair, satirists bowser and blue wrote a full-length musical set at expo 67 called "the paris of america" which ran for six sold-out weeks at centaur theatre in montreal in april and may 2003. also, the song "purple toupee" by they might be giants contains the line "i shouted out 'free the expo 67!'" in the simpson's episode "she used to be my girl" (2004), when homer is trying to convince marge she led a good life, one of the things he mentions is that she has a "tv tray from expo 67."
expo 67 was one of the most successful world exhibitions and is still regarded fondly by canadians. some even consider it to be one of the biggest events of the 20th century. 1967 is often referred to as "the last good year" before economic decline, quebec sovereigntism (seen as negative from a federalist viewpoint), and political apathy became common.[34] in this way, it has much in common with the 1964-65 new york world's fair. in 2007, a new group, expo 17, is looking to bring a smaller-scale – bie sanctioned – exposition to montreal for the 50th anniversary of expo 67 and canada's sesquicentennial(2017).[35] expo 17 hopes a new world's fair will regenerate the spirit of canada's landmark centennial project.
1967年蒙特利尔世博会
1967年加拿大蒙特利尔世博会，是欣欣向荣的加拿大献给世界的礼物，也是世博会一百多年历史中空前成功的一届世博会。1967年，加拿大举国人口约2100万，而蒙特利尔世博会的参观人次超过了5000万。这种广泛的民众参与度，无论在当时还是现在，都是难以
基本资料
名称：蒙特利尔世界博览会
举办时间：1967年4月28日至10月27日
主题：人类与世界
会场面积：400公顷
参展国家数：62
参观人次：50,306,648
会标
1967年加拿大蒙特利尔世界博览会会标设计很有特色，其图形取清一色的树叉代表人的双手，8对等大小的双手均匀分布围绕成一个整圆；同时掌心一致向内，包围着中心的地球。这个会标预示着在此次世博会上，将不分种族、国界、语言，全世界都拥抱同一个地球，呼吸同样清新的空气，沐浴同样明媚的阳光，拥有同样美丽的大自然，共同感受一切美好的事物，抽象的图形却有丰富的内涵，可惜在967年这些对我们来说都是典型的“修正主义”口号。会标分别有兰白色调、红白色调、黄白色调三种，共不同的场合、不同的国家选用。各种色调的图形都给人以温暖的感觉，又向外散发出祥和的气息，象征全世界人们都心手相连，守护在地球——人类共同的家园左右。“人与环境”、“人与地球”是这届博览会的主题，但是据说四十几年后的 2010年上海博览会也是这个主题，看来这是一个永恒的主题。
举办国
20世纪60年代的加拿大，处于经济的高速增长阶段。统计数据表明，从1950年到1976年，加拿大的国内生产总值（gdp）平均每年增长4.4%。其发展速度高于美国和英国，略低于法国、意大利、日本和西德，名列世界第五位。至60年代末期，加拿大的人均国内生产总值仅次于美国和瑞典，居世界第三位。国家经济实力的增长，使加拿大的普通家庭都能享受富裕的物质生活。与此同时，加拿大正朝着福利国家的目标迅速迈进，社会福利制度大幅度完善。1961年开始，加拿大实行了免费的全民医疗制度。
在蒙特利尔世博会举办的1967年，全球约有3~5亿人口处于食物缺乏或营养不平衡状态，全世界平均每秒出生两个婴儿。当时加拿大农业的复兴，使粮食等农产品自20世纪50年代起就出现了严重剩余，加拿大政府为国际社会提供大量的粮食援助。20世纪60年代以来，加拿大对外关系和国际影响力有令人瞩目的提升。至1976年，加拿大受邀参加原六国（法、美、德、日、英、意）首脑会议，成为七国集团之一。
从此，加拿大作为富裕而且发达的现代化国家，稳健地走在世界的前列。
背景
在上世纪六十年代初期，蒙特利尔城市人口已达到100万，成为加拿大的第一大城市，同时也成为加拿大的经济中心，当时的多伦多、温哥华还远不能与之相比。但是从世界的角度看这时的蒙特利尔充其量只是一个地区性的大城市（在北美），在全世界还没有什么影响，即使在欧洲，除了在她的老家英国和法国，可能还没有什么国家和人民真正了解它，更不要说是在世界其它地方了。使得蒙特利尔开始成为国际大都市的起点是1967年在这里举办的世界博览会。这届博览会的成功举办促进了蒙特利尔的对外开放，使得全世界都知道了加拿大的这座城市。接着十年后蒙特利尔又举办了第二十一届奥运会，奥运会的成功举办最后奠定了这座城市的国际地位，从此蒙特利尔就开始以加拿大第一座国际化大都市面对世界。
说起1967年的国际博览会，还有一段耐人寻味的故事。这届博览会的举办城市本来应该是苏联的莫斯科，这个决定大概与当时的苏共总书记赫鲁晓夫有关。这位直到今天仍然没有盖棺定论的勇敢改革家，在1963年主要是想着如何用和平的方式来“战胜”资本主义（即所谓和平竞赛），他或许是想通过举办一届世界博览会来显示一下苏联的先进技术和经济实力。按苏联当时的经济实力，虽然比不上美国，但与欧洲的许多中小国家，与日本、加拿大还是很有一比的，这或许这就是他同意在莫斯科举办这届世界博览会的主要动因。但是到了1963年，不知什么原因，莫斯科突然提出来它没有能力举办这届世界博览会，要求交出举办权。于是这届博览会临时就改由加拿大来接办，据说加拿大政府最初选定的城市是多伦多，但多伦多的政客们死活都不愿意接这个烫手的番芋，于是机会就眷顾了蒙特利尔。当时蒙特利尔的经济正进入全面快速发展时期，经济的繁荣直接带动了以地下城、地铁、城市建设为代表的大规模城市建设，蒙特利尔当局正在为如何进入国际化大城市的行列寻找契机，而举办一届世界性的博览会当然是一个送上门的绝好机会。
蒙特利尔当局巧妙的将世界博览会展区规划与城市的发展、建设计划结合起来，通过高举筹备世界博览会的旗帜带动了城市的建设与发展。通过博览会的规划与建设，城市建成了良好的地下有轨交通和水上交通网络，完善的市政设施也给博览会之后的城市开发奠定了必要的基础。
主题
在蒙特利尔世博会举办的1967年，全球约有3亿至5亿人口处于食物缺乏或营养不平衡状态，全世界平均每秒出生两个婴儿。当时加拿大农业的复兴，使粮食等农产品自20世纪50年代起就出现了严重剩余，加拿大政府为国际社会提供大量的粮食援助。20世纪60年代以来，加拿大对外关系和国际影响力有令人瞩目的提升。
蒙特利尔世博会的主题是“人类与世界”，这个主题表达了谋求人类共同进步的理想，反映了加拿大作为当时相对发达国家对全球发展的一种责任意识，也强调了加拿大的繁荣正是依托了全球和全人类。与此前的世博会主题相比，“人类与世界”体现了更为浓厚的人文情怀，获得了国际社会的普遍认同，使加拿大的国家形象得到了有效的提升。
在“人类与世界”的主题下，共衍生了5个副主题：供给者——人类、生产者——人类、探险者——人类、创造者——人类，以及人类与音乐。
副主题一：供给者——人类
展示人类如何处理农产品的生产，包括获取、运输、处理、包装、进入流通等环节，也表现人类如何提高单位面积的农产品产量。
副主题二：生产者——人类
展示各种地球物质的理化性能，表述能源对于人类的重要性；展示人类拥有的丰富的工业品和消费品、当时世界的先进科技；通过反思失控的历史事件，来引入对现代通信技术的憧憬与希冀。
副主题三：探险者——人类
通过展示人类对生命、太空、海洋和极地的探索和认知，表达对人类自身发展的崇敬。
副主题四：创造者——人类
用艺术形式，如绘画、摄影、雕刻等形式，来表述人类和人类社会的发展历程。将人类的进取升华到艺术层面。
副主题五：人类与音乐
对副主题五的展示完全是加拿大33个青年组织对蒙特利尔世博会的贡献，其展馆曾被称为“青春馆”或“青年音乐馆”。通过艺术家沙龙、音乐会、原创艺术品展、舞台秀等形式来表达人类对艺术的永恒追求。
展馆
加拿大馆的屋顶设计象征水晶和金属矿产的晶体界面，倒锥体建筑名称取自爱斯基摩语“聚集地”（katimavik），象征对世界各地参观者的欢迎。展馆旁边设立巨型“枫树”，共1500片“枫叶”，每片“枫叶”都是反映加拿大人工作和娱乐的彩色照片。
美国馆白天在日光下闪闪发光，夜晚则通体灯火通明。在美国馆中，最引人瞩目的是仿月球展品，一个高达123英尺的升降梯载着参观者掠过模拟的月球奇境。而大约两年以后，1969年7月16日，美国的“阿波罗”登月计划成功实施，宇航员巴兹·艾德林登上月球为人类迈出了历史性的一步，实现了人类几千年来的梦想，也将蒙特利尔世博会美国馆中的“虚拟登月”变成了现实。
苏联展馆的玻璃幕墙、巨型凸起的屋顶，使其充满现代气息，是蒙特利尔世博会上最有人气的展馆。苏联馆向游客展示了一个振奋人心的历史时刻：1961年4月12日莫斯科时间上午9时7分，苏联宇航员加加林乘坐“东方１号”宇宙飞船首次成功进入太空，在最大高度为301公里的轨道上绕地球一周，历时1小时48分钟，于上午10时55分安全降落在苏联境内。苏联馆还展示了航天器模型、宇宙舱设施等。游客在苏联馆能亲眼目睹人类“飞天梦”的实现。由此，加加林也成了蒙特利尔世博会上的传奇英雄，遗憾的是，他在蒙特利尔世博会后的第二年就不幸坠机罹难。
英国馆展示了英国人一天的生活，为参观者带来了甲克虫乐队的演出，表现了英国现代文化、英国绅士的生活方式和英国人特有的幽默。
法国馆的展示主题是传统与创新，为参观者提供的法国菜和法国香槟在世博会期间大受欢迎。
展馆设计者
设计者：弗赖·奥托
弗赖身兼多种职业，除了建筑师的身份外，他还是一位哲学家、设计师、艺术家、工程师、作家、数学家、教师和发明家。在其一生中，他共注册了 25 项专利、写了 28 本书、环球旅行 57 次、获得 47 个荣誉博士学位。除此之外，他还获奖无数，其中包括 1969 年的诺贝尔和平奖提名。
代表作品：
由弗赖·奥托设计的德国馆第一次创造性地大规模成功应用了支撑膜结构技术。所谓支撑膜结构实际上就是帐篷的放大，在这之前因为材料和技术的原因我们无法将帐篷做的足够大而且耐用。上世纪五十年代以后，高分子聚合材料出现，新的结构计算理论和方法的被采用，结构工程师们才开始探索将高分子聚合材料与新的结构理论相结合，设计并制造出更大、更耐用的帐篷，这就是最初的支撑膜结构建筑。
弗赖·奥托可能是世界上最早采用支撑膜结构来构建大空间的建筑师，他设计的德国馆是用高强度的金属索与用高分子聚合材料做成的薄膜一起组合起来的具有足够大的空间的建筑。这种结构的特点是结构非常简洁，便于组装和拆卸，与传统结构比起来有相对低廉的造价。它的屋面用特种柔性化学材料敷贴，呈半透明状。虽然这座建筑还没有后来他做的那个慕尼黑奥运会的主会场那么完美，但是这个试验性的建筑，代表了一种全新的结构形式的问世。正是德国馆的成功启发了对1972年慕尼黑奥运会体育场的结构和建筑造型的设计。
如今支撑膜结构的建筑有了更成熟的发展，出现了与斜拉网格结构组合的索膜结构、由索、支撑杆、膜组合的索穹顶结构等多种新型结构。我们国家在上世纪八十年代末也开始采用这种轻型结构。弗赖·奥托被誉为膜建筑与结构技术的先驱。
成就
蒙特利尔世博会上的la ronde游乐场，拥有当时最时尚的娱乐设施，世博会期间共计接待游客2250万。也就是说，近一半的世博会游客光顾了la ronde游乐场。世博会期间，有来自世界各地的著名马戏团到游乐场表演，还有自建的23个大型水族馆和1个水鸟馆，丰富多彩的动物表演和杂技项目吸引了大量参观者。
蒙特利尔世博会是群星闪烁的世博会，众多明星光临世博园区为参观者演出，如男高音歌唱家帕瓦罗蒂、电影明星劳伦斯·奥利维尔和玛莲·德烈奇、红极一时的流行歌手马里斯-西瓦勒、芭蕾舞艺术家莫里斯·贝嘉和玛哥芳婷、舞蹈家纽瑞耶夫。明星的光环使成千上万的“追星族”如痴如醉，也为世博会增添了永久的记忆。
蒙特利尔世博会选址在圣劳伦斯河上的圣海伦娜群岛，地域跨度约400公顷，不同展区/展馆群之间距离较远。为此，主办方准备了多种运输方式，除了高速公路、轨道交通、电车等高效率交通工具，还有富有情趣的桦树皮制作的小船、豪华的游艇、轻便的出租自行车、新颖的气垫船等。因此，世博园区内别致的交通方式也成为游客极感兴趣的娱乐活动。