ii. criminal courts
刑事法庭
1. criminal courts in england and wales
英格兰和威尔士的刑事法庭
magistrates' courts which try summary offences and "either way" offences. a magistrates' court, which is open to the public and the media, usually consists of three unpaid "lay" magistrates-known as justices of the peace-who are advised on point of law and procedure by a legally qualified assistant. a magistrates' court sits without a jury.
治安（警事）法庭，负责审理判决犯罪，也审理"任意方式"罪行。治安法庭对公众和媒体公开，通常由三位无薪的"外行"地方官——地方治安官组成，由懂得法律知识的书记员和助手给他们提供法律规定和程序方面的建议。治安法庭审察时没有陪审团。
youth court which try most cases involving people under 18.
青少年法庭，负责审理18岁以下青年的大多数案件。
the crown court tries the most serious offences and 'either way" offences referred to it by magistrates. the crown court is presided over by high court judges, full-time circuit judges and part-time recorders england and wales are divided into six circuits for the purpose of hearing criminal case. each circuit is divided into areas containing one or more centers of high court and crown court.
皇家刑事法庭。负责审理最严重的罪行和由地方法官提交的"任意方式"罪行。皇家刑事法庭由高级法院法官，全职巡回法官和兼任刑事法官主持。为审理刑事案，英格兰和威尔士被分为六个巡回区，每个巡回区又分区域，每个区域有一个或多个高级法庭和皇家刑事法庭。
2. criminal courts in scotland
苏格兰的刑事法庭
there are three criminal courts in scotland.（1）the high court of justiciary；（2） the sheriff court；（3） the district court. scotland has two types of criminal procedure, know as solemn procedure and summary procedure. in solemn procedure, a defendant is tried by a judge sits without a jury.
英格兰有三种刑事法院：（1）高级法院；（2）郡法院；（3）区法院。英格兰有两种刑事诉讼：庄重诉讼和即决诉讼。庄重诉讼里，被告由陪审团和法官审理。在即决诉讼中，法官独自审理，不用陪审团。
3. criminal courts in northern ireland
北爱尔兰的刑事法庭
cases involving minor summary offences are heard by magistrates' courts presided over by a full-time legally qualified resident magistrate. county courts are primarily civil law courts. the crown court deals with criminal trails on indictment.
涉及轻微即决犯罪的案件由治安法庭听审，法庭由全职的法律合格的常驻治安法官主持。郡法庭主要是民事法庭。皇家刑事法庭根据起诉进行刑事审判。