一堂“自由”实验课：自由建立于真相之上

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[00:02.90]27 The Experiments of Miss Ellis	一堂“自由”实验课
[00:07.81](By Pedro Pablo Sacristan)	（译 / 苏相宜)
[00:11.22]That weekend Miss Ellis handed out another of her famous experiment assignments. 埃利斯小姐的实验作业很有名，那个周末，她又给学生布置了一个。
[00:19.31]Her pupils loved that form of teaching, in which they themselves had to think up experiments that would aid in understanding. 在她的课上，每个人都必须设计出能够帮助理解的实验，她的学生很喜欢这种教学形式。
[00:28.60]Many had to do with science, chemistry, but others - the most famous experiments - had to do with people and their behavior. 她的许多实验都与科学、化学有关，而其他实验――那些最出名的实验――则与人及其行为有关。
[00:37.68]And on that occasion the subject was really difficult: freedom. 这次实验作业就有个很难的主题：自由。
[00:43.32]How can one conduct an experiment on freedom? What could you show about freedom through experiments?	你怎样才能做一场关于“自由”的实验呢？ 通过实验，你又如何展示“自由”的内涵呢？
[00:51.00]On their way home, the students discussed these and other similar questions. 回家的路上，学生们讨论着这些问题和其他类似的问题。
[00:56.80]However, they had already done a good job on other experiments, and this time was no exception. 不过，他们在以前的其他实验课上都表现得很出色，这次也不例外。
[01:03.20]On Monday, the students returned with their ideas for an experiment, and they explained them one by one. 到了周一，大家带着各自的实验构思返校，并逐一进行了阐述。
[01:10.75]All the ideas were very interesting but, to cut a long story short, Miss Ellis has asked me to tell you only about Amanda, Charlie, and Andrea's experiments - which she liked the most.	所有构思都趣味盎然，但为了避免故事太过冗长，埃利斯小姐只让我给大家讲讲她最喜欢的三个实验，即阿曼达、查利以及安德烈娅的实验。
[01:25.60]Amanda took out five different colored boxes and gave them to the teacher to choose one. 阿曼达拿出五个颜色各异的盒子，让埃利斯小姐从中选一个。
[01:31.48]Miss Ellis gratefully took the pink box, and smiled. 埃利斯小姐欣然拿起粉色的那个盒子，并微微一笑。
[01:35.74]Then Amanda took out five yellow boxes, and asked Charlie to choose one.接着阿曼达又拿出五个黄色的盒子，请查利挑一个。
[01:42.00]Charlie, annoyed, carelessly chose one. 查利有些生气，随便拿了一个。
[01:46.00]Miss Ellis, amused ,asked Amanda what the experiment was called.	埃利斯小姐被逗乐了，问阿曼达这个实验叫什么名字。
[01:50.90]I've called it 'Choices'. “我称它为‘选择’。
[01:53.50]For freedom to exist you have to choose between different options. 你必须在不同选项中做出抉择，这样才存在‘自由’。
[01:58.24]That's why Charlie was a bit annoyed, because when the boxes are all the same color, you are not really allowed to choose.这就是查利为什么会有点生气的原因。当所有的盒子颜色都一样时，其实你并没有选择的自由。
[02:06.69]But Miss Ellis has been pleased because she got to choose the box she liked the most.	而埃利斯小姐很开心，是因为她能选择自己中意的颜色。”
[02:12.81]Charlie had prepared another kind of experiment, a more lively one.查利准备的实验又是另一番模样，比之前的实验更生动。
[02:17.84]He chose two class members. 他挑了两名同学：
[02:20.13]Lucas was a bright but indecisive boy, and Paul was one of the worst students. 聪明伶俐但优柔寡断的男孩卢卡斯和班上学习最差的保罗。
[02:27.20]Charlie made them go up to join Miss Ellis at the blackboard. 查利让他俩走到教室前面和埃利斯小姐一起站到黑板前。
[02:31.32]Then he divided the class into three groups.	然后， 他将全班同学分成了三组。
[02:34.23]To the first group he said: "I'm going to ask you a difficult question. 查利对第一组说：“我要问你们一道难题。
[02:39.10]You can choose one of the three people at the blackboard to help you answer it. 你们可以从黑板前的这三个人中选一个来帮你们回答。
[02:43.91]Whoever gets the answer right will win a big bag of sweets." 回答正确者将赢得一大包糖果。”
[02:49.11]Everyone in the first group chose the teacher.	第一组同学集体选了埃利斯小姐。
[02:52.50]Then Charlie said to the second group: "You will be asked the same question, but before we start you should know that I have given Paul a piece of paper with the question and its answer written on it." 接着，查利对第二组说：“我要问你们同样的问题。不过在开始之前，你们应该知道，我已经给了保罗一张纸条，我的问题和答案就写在上面。”
[03:06.10]Amid the sound of complaints from the first group, the second group all chose Paul.	伴随着第一组同学的抱怨声，第二组一致选了保罗。
[03:12.59]Then Charlie spoke to the last group: "It's your turn. 然后，查利对最后一组说：“现在轮到你们了。
[03:17.83]What I told the second group was a lie. 其实我跟第二组撒了谎，
[03:20.77]I gave the paper to Lucas." 我把纸条给了卢卡斯。”
[03:22.65]Amid booing and a few laughs, Paul showed that his hands were empty, and Lucas showed everyone that he did indeed have a piece of paper with the question and answer on it. 在一片嘘声和零零散散的哄笑声中，保罗张开了空空的手心，而卢卡斯则让大家看到他确实拿着一张 写着题目及答案的纸条。
[03:34.36]And Lucas was the only one who managed to answer the difficult question correctly.	而且，卢卡斯是唯一能答对这道难题的人。
[03:39.42]While the winners were sharing the sweets out to everyone, Charlie explained: "This experiment is called 'No Freedom without Truth'. 当获胜组的人给每个同学分发糖果时，查利解释说：“这个实验叫作‘自由建立于真相之上’。
[03:49.71]It shows that you can only choose freely if you know the whole truth of the situation. 它告诉我们，只有了解整个实情，你才能够自由选择。
[03:55.57]Groups one and two were free to choose who they wanted, but as they didn't know the full truth of the set-up, they were not really choosing freely. 虽然第一组和第二组有权随意挑选他们想选的人，可由于他们不知道内幕，所以选择的时候并非真正的自由。
[04:06.35]If they had known, then they would have chosen differently."	他们要是早知道的话，就会选别的了。”
[04:10.50]Andrea's experiment was very different. 安德烈娅的实验与众不同。
[04:13.56]She had come to class with Laylow, her hamster, and some pieces of cheese and bread, to prepare a few different tests. 她来上课时，带来了她的小仓鼠雷洛以及几片奶酪和面包，准备做几个各不相同的实验。
[04:22.12]In the first she covered a piece of cheese with a glass. 在第一个实验中，她用玻璃杯罩住一块奶酪，
[04:25.97]And at its side she placed a piece of bread, without covering it. 并在旁边放了一片没被罩住的面包。
[04:30.81]When she set Laylow free, the hamster went straight for the cheese, banging his nose against the glass. 等她放出雷洛，小仓鼠便直奔奶酪而去，鼻头“砰”的一声撞在玻璃杯上。
[04:38.60]Laylow tried to get to the cheese for a good while, but having no success he settled for the bread.	雷洛折腾了好半天试图吃到奶酪，但都没有成功，只得将就吃面包。
[04:45.20]Andrea carried on with some similar experiments, a little cruel, but amusing, in which poor Laylow could never get to the cheese and had to choose the bread. 安德烈娅继续做了几个类似的实验，虽然有点残忍，但很有意思。在这些实验里，可怜的雷洛永远够不着奶酪，只得选面包。
[04:56.55]Finally, Andrea put a lump of cheese and a lump of bread on the table, both uncovered. 最后，安德烈娅在桌上放了一大块奶酪和一大片面包，两样都没用玻璃杯罩住。
[05:03.54]This time, Laylow, bored, went straight over and ate the bread.	这回，对此厌烦的雷洛直接冲过去吃掉了面包。
[05:09.20]Everyone enjoyed the experiment, and while Miss Ellis rewarded Laylow with the cheese, Andrea explained: "The experiment is called 'Limits'. 大家都非常喜欢这场实验。当埃利斯小姐拿奶酪慰劳雷洛的时候，安德烈娅在一旁解释说：“这场实验名叫‘限制’。
[05:19.83]It shows that, whether we know it or not, our freedom always has limits, and that these limits are not always outside ourselves. 它告诉我们，无论我们是否察觉，我们的自由总是受限制的。
[05:29.70]They can be inside us too, as with Laylow, who thought he would never be able to get the cheese."	而且这些限制并不总是都来自外界，也可能存在于我们的内心，比如雷洛，它以为自己永远得不到奶酪了。”
[05:36.82]Many more interesting experiments were performed that day, and maybe sometime we'll get to talk about them, 那天还进行了许多妙趣横生的实验，可能的话，今后我们再慢慢聊。
[05:44.46]but what is clear is that Miss Ellis's students ended up knowing a lot more about freedom than do many much older people.	但显而易见的是，上完这堂课，埃利斯小姐的学生们对自由的理解比许多大人都多了很多。

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一堂“自由”实验课：自由建立于真相之上