英文诵典美文精华必背22：Thirteen Names of Virtues 十三项美德（MP3+双语）

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[00:02.48]Thirteen Names of Virtues  本杰明・富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin，1706-1790)
[00:11.02]I conceived the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection.我曾想出一个达到完美品德的大胆而又费力的计划。
[00:18.98]I wished to live without committing any fault at any time; I would conquer all that either natural inclination, custom, or company might lead me into.我希望这一辈子都不犯任何错误，我要克服所有的缺点，不管它们是由天生的爱好而引起的，还是由于习惯或交友不慎引起的。
[00:33.12]As I knew, or thought I knew, what was right or wrong, I did not see why I might not always do the one and avoid the other.因为我知道，或者自以为知道，什么是对的、什么是错的，所以我觉得自己能够只做好事而不做坏事。
[00:45.33]But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficulty than I had imagined.但不久我发现，自己想做的工作比原先料想的要困难得多。
[00:53.38]While my case was employed in guarding against one fault, I was often surprised by another;正当我的注意力放在克服某一缺点时，另一个缺点却出乎意料地冒了出来。
[01:00.12]habit took the advantage of inattention; inclination was sometimes too strong for reason.习惯利用一时的疏忽，而理智有时又绝非癖好的敌手。
[01:09.11]I concluded, at length,后来，我终于得出结论，
[01:11.36]that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous,was not sufficient to prevent our slipping;仅仅抽象地相信完美的品德对我们是有利的，但还不足以防止我们的过失，
[01:23.14]and that the contrary habits must be broken, and good ones acquired and established,坏习惯必须打破，好习惯必须培养和建立起来，
[01:29.13]before we can have any dependence on a steady, uniform rectitude of conduct.然后我们才能希望我们的举止能够坚定不移、始终如一地正确。
[01:36.25]For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method.为了这个目标，我想出了下面这个方法。
[01:41.54]In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading,我在阅读的过程中
[01:47.39]I found the catalogue more or less numerous, as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name.发现在列举各种道德品质时，各种分类都或多或少地存在分歧，因为对于同一个词的涵义，不同的作者可以做或多或少的阐释。
[01:56.61]Temperance, for example, was by some confined to eating and drinking,例如“节制”这个词，有人把它的意义限于饮食，
[02:03.18]while by others it was extended to mean the moderating of every other pleasure, appetite, inclination, or passion, bodily or mental,even to our avarice and ambition.而另外一些人却把它的意义扩展到调节其他快乐、欲望、癖好和肉体的或精神的情欲，甚至将其推广到贪婪和野心上面。
[02:17.60]I proposed to myself, for the sake of clearness, to use rather more names, with fewer ideas annexed to each, than a few names with more ideas;为了保持清楚起见，我认为可以多设几个项目，每一项下面少包括一点儿涵义，而不要项目少涵义多。
[02:31.95]and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time occurred to me as necessary or desirable,我总结出了13种美德，这是我当时认为必需的或适合的所有美德条目，
[02:40.42]and annexed to each a short percept, which fully expressed the extend I gave to its meaning.并在每一项底下加了一条简单的箴言，它充分说明了我认为这个词的涵义所应有的范围。
[02:48.75]These names of virtues, with their precepts, were:这些道德的名目及其涵义如下：
[02:53.67]1.	Temperance. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation.节制。食不过饱，饮酒不醉。
[03:02.42]2.	Silence. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation.沉默。说话必须对自己或他人有益；避免无益的聊天。
[03:13.46]3.	Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time.生活秩序。将每一样东西放在它们应该放的地方；安排好做每件日常事务的时间。
[03:24.51]4.	Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve.决心。做该做的事；决心做的事应坚持不懈。
[03:33.87]5.	Frugality. Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i.e. waste nothing.俭朴。花钱必须于人于己有益；换言之，切忌浪费。
[03:44.49]6.	Industry. Lose no time; be always employed in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions.勤勉。不浪费时间，只做有用的事，戒掉一切不必要的行动。
[03:55.91]7.	Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly.诚恳。不欺骗人；思想纯洁公正；说话也要如此。
[04:07.80]8.	Justice. Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty.公正。不做害人的事情，不要忘记履行对人有益而且又是你应尽的义务。
[04:16.04]9.	Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve.中庸适度。避免极端；要容忍你认为别人应得的处罚。
[04:25.49]10.	Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanness in body, clothes, or habitation.清洁。身体、衣服和住所力求清洁。
[04:33.82]11.	Tranquility. Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable.镇静。不要因为小事或普通的、不可避免的事故而惊慌失措。
[04:42.09]12.	Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation.贞节。除非为了健康或生育后代，不常进行房事，切忌房事过度，伤害身体或损害你自己或他人的安宁或名誉。
[04:58.05]13.	Humility. Imitate Jesus and Socrates.13.谦逊。仿效耶稣和苏格拉底。
[05:05.68]My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues,我的目标是养成一切美德的习惯，
[05:10.82]I judged it would be well not to distract my attention by attempting the whole at once, but to fix it on one of them at a time;因此我认为，为了不至于分散注意力，最好还是不要立即全面尝试，而是在一段时期内集中精力于其中之一。
[05:20.89]and, when I should be master of that, then to proceed to another, and so on,till I should have gone through the thirteen; and as the previous acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others,当我掌握了那项美德之后，接着再开始注意另外一项，如此这样，直到我做满13条为止。因此先获得的一些美德可以方便其他美德的培养，
[05:37.44]I arranged them with that view, as they stand above.而我就按照这个主张把它们排列起来，就像上面的次序一样。
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英文诵典美文精华必背22：Thirteen Names of Virtues 十三项美德（MP3+双语）