BBC六分钟英语：water burial水葬

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[00:11.00] Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English   大家好，欢迎收听六分钟英语。
[00:13.10] C the show that brings you an interesting topic, authentic listening practice and six new items of vocabulary. I''m Dan…  该节目会奉上有趣的话题，纯正的听力练习以及六个新单词。我是丹。
[00:19.20] And I'm Neil. In this episode we'll be discussing water burial.  我是尼尔。今天这集节目中，我们要谈论水葬。
[00:23.40] Yes. It's a bit of a bleak subject, I'm afraid.  是的。恐怕这是个有点阴郁的话题。
[00:26.60] Something which is bleak is unpleasant or without hope.  阴郁的是指不愉快的，没有希望的。
[00:29.90] And, do you know what's really bleak?   你知道什么才是真的阴郁吗？
[00:31.50] It's this week's question.  是今天的问题。
[00:33.10] On average, how many people die each hour?  平均每小时有多少人死亡呢？
[00:37.10] a) six thousand  b) sixty thousand  c) six hundred thousand  a) 六千  b) 六万  c) 六十万
[00:43.00] I am going to guess b) sixty thousand.  我猜是六万。
[00:47.40] And we'll find out if you're right or not at the end of this show.   节目的最后我们再来看你回答得是否正确。
[00:50.40] So, the actual figure is 55m people each year.   真实的数字是每年有5500万人死亡。
[00:55.20] Now, religious or not, there is a practical issue to be dealt with, which is, Neil?  无论有无宗教信仰，有一个必须要面对的实际问题，那就是，尼尔你说呢？
[01:01.40] What to do with the body?  我们如何处理尸体？
[01:03.10] Exactly! So what are the options for the average person?  没错！一般人有什么选择呢？
[01:06.70] Well, there's burial, or there's cremation.  土葬或火化。
[01:09.40] Burial is when a body is put into the earth and cremation is when a body is burnt.   土葬是指将尸体埋进土里，火化是指将尸体烧掉。
[01:14.60] But there are big problems with both.  但这两个选择都有大问题。
[01:16.90] For example, what two things do most people need in order to be buried?  例如，大多人要想土葬需要哪两样东西呢？
[01:21.40] Well, a coffin C or a box to put the body in and a grave.   一副棺材，也就是放置尸体的盒子，还有一座墓。
[01:26.00] That's the place the coffin and body go into.  也就是放入棺材和尸体的地方。
[01:28.80] Exactly, but coffins are most often made of wood.  是的。但棺材大多由木头制成。
[01:32.10] In the US they use four million acres of forest every year just to make coffins.   在美国，每年有四百万英亩的森林被用来做棺材。
[01:38.10] And as for graves, cemeteries are beginning to get overcrowded C there's no space left!  至于坟墓，墓地已经开始过于拥挤了，没剩下的地方了。
[01:43.20] After all, dying is not exactly a new thing!  毕竟，死亡不是一件新鲜事。
[01:46.20]  It's been happening for years.  年年都有死亡发生。
[01:47.90] Aha, but with cremation, there's no space needed.   但如果火化的话，就不需要地方了。
[01:51.60] And they burn gas to dispose of the body. That's got to be better.  火化通过燃烧气体处理尸体。这会好一些。
[01:55.20] You'd think so, but no. I'll let Sahar Zand, reporter for the BBC, explain why.  你也许是这么想。但其实不是的。我让BBC记者萨哈・赞德解释为什么。
[02:01.60] During the process, a number of toxins can be emitted into our environment, including mercury from dental fillings.  在这个过程中，很多毒素被释放在环境中，包括从牙齿中而来的水银。
[02:09.00] Cremation also has a carbon cost.   而且火化有碳成本。
[02:11.80] With the energy used to process one body, you could actually heat a home for the best part of a week in winter  处理尸体所需的能量，足够给一个屋子供暖一周。
[02:17.90] So cremation can release toxins, or poisons, into the environment  所以火化会向环境中释放有毒物质，
[02:22.40] and it comes with a very high energy cost C enough to heat a home for almost a week!   而且能量消耗的代价高，足够给一个屋子供暖一周。
[02:27.00] OK. I can see a smug look in your eye, Dan.   没错。我看到你眼中洋洋得意的神情。
[02:30.70] What do you have up your sleeve?  你还有什么备用的方法？
[02:32.40] It's the latest thing. Water burial.  最后一个方法。水葬。
[02:35.50] Water burial?  水葬？
[02:36.80] This is where the body is put into an alkali solution and heated to 150 degrees centigrade.   是指将尸体放入碱性溶液，加热至150摄氏度。
[02:43.80] This breaks down the tissue and leaves only the skeleton.  这会使人体组织分解，只剩下骨头。
[02:47.20] Interesting.  有意思。
[02:48.50] Yes! It has huge advantages over cremation.  是的。相比火化有很大的优势。
[02:51.60] Such as?  例如？
[02:52.30] Well for one thing, it takes only 4 hours to finish.  有一点，只需花四个小时就可以完成。
[02:55.30] It follows the same process as when a body decomposes, but quicker.  和人体腐烂分解的过程一样，但速度更快。
[02:59.70] When something decomposes it breaks down and decays. Ok, anything else?  某物decompose是指该物分解腐朽。还有其他的吗？
[03:04.40] It uses much less energy.  水葬消耗的能量少。
[03:06.90] Each body is weighed and then the computer calculates exactly how much of everything is needed.  每一个尸体会被称重，然后计算机会计算出需要多少能量。
[03:12.30] Ok, it's more efficient too. Why are you smiling?  这也更有效率。你笑什么？
[03:15.90] This is the best part! Listen to Sahar again.  还有最好的部分。我们再听听萨哈怎么说。
[03:19.20] All that's left at this point is a brittle skeleton and any artificial implants that they may have had in their body  剩下的就是一副易碎的骨架，以及人们生前放入身体的人造移植物。
[03:26.00] C and they come out almost as good as new.   移植物还会很完好。
[03:29.00] There's even talk of sending the implants to the developing world,   还可以将这些移植物寄给发展中国家，
[03:32.50] where they can benefit populations that don't have access to them, because they're very expensive.  造福接触不到这些东西的人口，因为移植物都很贵。
[03:37.00] So after the process you have a brittle, or easy to break, skeleton and any implants that they had inside them.  所以在那过程之后，还剩一副易碎的估价，以及任何人们生前放入身体的移植物。
[03:44.80] Implants are artificial additions to the body, such as plastic hips or an artificial heart.   移植物是指身体内的人造替代品，例如假肢和人造心脏。
[03:50.30] And they're clean!   它们还很干净。
[03:51.50] They can be recycled and given to someone who needs them! Isn't that cool?  可以再循环使用，给那些需要的人。这不是很酷吗？
[03:55.60] So, what happens to the skeleton?  那骨架怎么办？
[03:57.50] It gets ground up into dust and put in a jar to give to the family C exactly the same as a traditional cremation.   骨架会化为尘土，放进罐子里交给家人，就和传统的火化一样。
[04:04.10] I love it! Sign me up!   我喜欢这个！帮我申请！
[04:05.70] Would you like to give it a shot?  你想试试看？
[04:07.50] Well, I can't answer that question.  我不能回答这个问题。
[04:10.80] But can I have the answer to our quiz question?  但是能告诉我今天问题的答案吗？
[04:13.40] Of course. I asked: On average, how many people die each hour?  当然。我问你，平均每小时有多少人死亡？
[04:18.60] a) six thousand  b) sixty thousand  c) six hundred thousand  a) 六千  b) 六万  c) 六十万
[04:23.00] I said b) sixty thousand.  我说的是六万。
[04:24.60] And you, my friend, are dead in the water.  我的朋友，你没什么指望了。
[04:27.20] Unfortunately, it's a) six thousand  很不幸，答案是六千。
[04:30.00] Ok. Well that's probably better, isn't it?  这也许更好，不是吗？
[04:31.90] Yes.  是的。
[04:32.50] Shall we have a look at the vocabulary then?  我们接下来看看单词吧？
[04:34.40] Certainly. Our first word was bleak meaning something unhappy, unpleasant or without hope.   当然。第一个单词是阴郁的，指不开心，不愉快，没有希望。
[04:40.80] What types of things do we typically describe as bleak, Neil?  我们通常会将什么描述为阴郁的？
[04:43.90] Oh, the weather in the UK can be bleak.  英国的天气是阴郁的。
[04:47.20] It's very, very dark in the winter.   冬天非常非常暗。
[04:50.20]  Next we had grave. A grave is a hole in the earth where a body is placed.  之后我们谈到坟墓。坟墓是指将尸体放入土中的那个洞。
[04:54.90] However, there is another use.  然而，还有其他的用法。
[04:56.80] Yes. We can talk about a situation being grave.  没错。我们可以说气氛严肃。
[05:00.30] The outbreak of war is a very grave situation for many people.  对很多人来说，战争的爆发是一个很严肃的氛围。
[05:03.80] Then we had toxin. A toxin is a substance which is poisonous.   然后我们谈到毒物。它是指有毒的物质。
[05:09.20] Have you ever been poisoned by a toxin, Neil?  你曾经因为毒物中毒过吗？
[05:11.60] Well, I suppose so, yes. I've had food poisoning and that's caused by toxins.   我想是有过的。我曾经食品中毒，因有毒物质所致。
[05:17.20] After that was decompose. When something decomposes, it breaks down and decays.   那之后我们还提到分解。某物分解是指某物腐朽。
[05:23.60] Much like when fruit goes bad and turns black and then becomes liquid.  就像水果变质、发黑，然后变为液体。
[05:27.40] Then we had brittle. Something which is brittle is easily broken.   我们之后提到易碎的。是指很容易破碎的。
[05:33.40] For example, Neil?  举个例子，尼尔？
[05:34.50] Glass, crockery, tiles and some plastic. Crisps!   玻璃、陶器、瓷砖、某些塑料。还有薯片！
[05:39.20] And finally we had implant.  最后我们讲到移植物。
[05:41.60] An implant is something artificial which has been put into the body C such as an artificial heart or a replacement hip.  移植物是指放入身体的人造替代品，例如人造心脏或假肢。
[05:48.60] Would you like to have any implants, Dan?  你想有移植物吗？
[05:50.50] I'd quite like robotic legs.   我想按个机器人腿。
[05:53.70] Then I could run faster than anyone!  这样我就比任何人都跑得快。
[05:55.90] Well, we've run out of time, so that's the end of today's 6 Minute English.  我们的时间到了，今天的六分钟英语到这里就结束了。
[05:59.90] Please join us again soon!  我们下次再会！
[06:01.20] And we are on social media too - Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.   记得访问我们的Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube。
[06:05.10] See you there.  在那见！
[06:05.80] Bye!   再见！

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BBC六分钟英语：water burial水葬