BBC六分钟英语：你能变成素食主义者吗

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[00:0.10] Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English  the programme where we bring you an interesting topic and six items of vocabulary. Im Neil.   澶у濂斤娆㈣ュ板辫ㄨ浠涓轰甯ユ瓒ｇ璇棰涓釜板璇凹灏
[00:18.90] And Im Catherine.  炽
[00:21.00] Now, if you want fight climate change  what can you do?  ㄦ浠ヨ璇达濡浣冲姘浣藉浜浠涔锛
[00:23.80] Well, you can use less electricity  浣浠ュㄤ浜碘
[00:22.50] Or stop driving  姝㈠杞
[00:27.00] But scientists believe theres another behaviour which has an even bigger impact on the planet, and that is what you eat.   浣瀛璁や负瀛ㄥ涓绉瀵瑰扮褰卞村ぇ琛涓猴灏辨浠涔
[00:35.80] Were talking about meat here. If people cut out meat and animal products from their diets  harmful emissions could be reduced by 70%.   浠璇寸绫汇濡浜轰滑绫诲ㄧ╀骇浠ュ父楗涓瀹虫剧╁浠ュ惧涔涓
[00:44.30] Thats according to research from Oxford University.  杩娲ュぇ瀛涓椤圭绌跺虹缁璁恒
[00:47.20] Now emissions are the gases produced by an activity or living thing  so we could talk about factory emissions or farming emissions.  剧╃涓椿ㄦ╀骇姘浣浠ユ浠浠ヨ璁哄伐剧╂涓剧┿
[00:56.40] And if you eat no meat or animal products youre what we call vegan. More and more people around the world are going vegan  濡浣涓朵ㄧ╁跺锛浣灏辨璋绱椋涓讳ㄤ瓒ヨ澶浜烘ㄥ绱椋涓讳
[01:03.40] And todays question: which of these celebrities is vegan? Is ita) Brad Pitt, b) Jennifer Lopez or c) Miley Cyrus?  浠澶╃浠ヤ釜浜烘椋涓讳锛a椤Brad Pitt, b椤Jennifer Lopez杩c椤Miley Cyrus锛
[01:12.60] And Im going to go forc) Miley Cyrus.  虫浼┾c椤Miley Cyrus
[01:18.20] Well, well find out at the end of the programme. Now, before we go much further, why dont we find out a bit more about exactly what it means to be vegan?   濂界锛浠ㄨ扮妗ㄦ浠璁烘村涔锛涓轰涔涓绌朵涓村充板浠涔椋涓讳
[01:27.40] Heres Tom Kuehnel from the Vegan Society in the UK.   杩ヨ卞Vegan SocietyTom Kuehnel
[01:31.80] Veganism is a way of living which excludes, as far as is possible and practicable, all forms of exploitation and cruelty to animals.   绱椋涓讳绉娲绘瑰瑕戒瀹琛锛灏变や褰㈠ㄧ╃ュ娈蹇
[01:41.30] So thats for food, clothing or any other purpose. So we just dont want to use or abuse animals.  朵腑垮ㄧ╁椋╋琛ｆ朵浠ユ浠冲╃ㄦ寰ㄧ┿
[01:48.60] And we feel like there, you know, there are plenty of alternatives in this day and age. Its never been easier to be vegan.  浠寰ㄧㄧ骞翠唬璁稿夸唬瑰ㄨ涓勾浠ｅ涓绱椋涓讳澶浜
[01:54.60] Of course, he says that avoiding cruelty to animals is what its all about, but that doesnt just mean food.  褰讹浠璇撮垮寰ㄧ╂椋涓讳ㄩ浣ｄ浠浠充┿
[02:01.10] If youre a true vegan, then clothing from animals is also out - no more leather shoes!   濡浣姝ｇ绱椋涓讳锛ｄㄧ╁琛ｇ╀涓界┛涔娌℃浜锛
[02:06.60] But he feels that its easier than ever before to become vegan  and uses a nice phrase: "in this day and age".  浣浠瑙寰ㄥ涓绱椋涓讳姣浠ュ村骞朵ㄤ涓涓ソ锛in this day and age
[02:15.10] Yes. It means these days, or in the present time  and is often used to highlight a contrast with a previous time.  瀹杩骞存モㄧㄢ瀹甯歌ㄦュ己璋涔涓ㄧ瀵规
[02:22.30] So, many people go vegan for ethical reasons. Now ethical is a useful word, it means relating to moral beliefs.  浠ワ寰澶浜哄涓洪寰峰浜绱椋涓讳ethical涓瀹ㄧ璇锛瀹涓寰蜂俊浠版斥
[02:30.70] So if you become vegan for ethical reasons, you do it because you think its wrong to eat or use animal products.   浠ュ浣涓哄扮绱椋涓讳锛浣杩涔璁や负浣跨ㄥㄧ╁跺璇琛涓恒
[02:38.60] Others go vegan because of environmental considerations, as we looked at earlier.  朵浜哄绱椋涓讳涓哄澧锛灏卞浠璇寸涓枫
[02:43.70] Rearing livestock  that means animals like cows and pigs  produces a lot of harmful methane gas.  楗插荤茬绉浼浜у哄澶瀹崇茬锋浣
[02:49.70] Now, lets just say the animals themselves produce a lot of it from their bodies. The other major reason to choose veganism  灏辫浠锛ㄧ╂韩浼浠韩浣浜х寰澶瀹崇╁с涓涓╃椋涓讳涓昏
[02:57.90] Veganism  now, thats the noun for a vegan diet.  绱椋涓讳杩椋楗璇
[03:01.60]  is because they believe it is healthier.  ...涓轰浠涓鸿村ュ悍
[03:03.50] In the research from Oxford University we mentioned earlier, scientists found that 8 million deaths per year could be avoided if the world went vegan.  ㄧ娲ュぇ瀛璋ヤ腑浠帮绉瀛姣勾800涓浜哄垮姝讳骸锛濡ㄤ藉绱椋涓讳璇
[03:12.00] Now, thats human deaths. They claim that half of this figure would be because we no longer eat red meat,   ｆ汉绫绘浜℃般浠浠０绉版板涓涓浼缁х画瀛涓烘浠缇锛
[03:18.50] and the other half would be due to eating more healthy fruit and vegetables  as well as fewer people being overweight.  涓涓哄姘存村ュ悍姝ゅ瓒浜轰村
[03:24.70] And they say that this would have an economic impact too.   浠浠杩杩浼浜х缁插汇
[03:27.80] They suggest that up to USD1,000bn a year would be saved due to reduced healthcare costs and increased productivity at work.  浠浠猴变讳棰宸ヤ涓浜х楂锛姣勾澶10000涓浜跨
[03:37.30] Because fewer people would get sick.   涓烘村浜轰
[03:38.90] So, if its all so simple  why dont we all go vegan tomorrow?  浠ワ濡涓藉姝ょｆ浠负浠涔涓ぉ藉绱椋涓讳
[03:42.50] Well, meat-eating is an important part of most cultures  not everyone wants to change.  跺锛澶涓瑕涓ㄥ涓浜洪芥虫瑰
[03:47.80] And millions of people worldwide raise livestock for a living.   涓锛涓涓颁互句浜洪х瀛
[03:51.60] So these jobs would disappear. Now, with up to a third of the planet estimated to be arid  which means dry and unable to support crops.  浠ヨ浜宸ヤ浼娑澶便扮涓浼拌涓涔涓传杩崇骞茬ュ娉缁存浣╃裤
[04:00.50] People living in these regions rely on livestock, so people for example like the Berbers in the Sahara region.   ㄨ浜板虹娲荤浜轰э姣濡板虹Berbers.
[04:07.50] Without animal farming they would be forced to abandon traditional nomadic lifestyles  thats where they move from place to place - and settle in cities.  娌℃浜ㄧ╁绘锛浠浠琚揩惧浼缁娓哥х娲绘瑰崇浠浠涓版圭Щㄥ板涓涓版光骞跺ㄥ瀹灞
[04:15.90] And for many people, well, they just like eating meat and dairy.   瀵瑰澶浜烘ヨ锛浠浠浠娆㈠涔冲跺
[04:20.00] We asked you about well-known vegans: which of these is vegan? a) Brad Pitt, b) Jennifer Lopez or c) Miley Cyrus?  浠虹绱椋涓讳锛涓椋涓讳锛a椤Brad Pitt, b椤Jennifer Lopez杩c椤Miley Cyrus锛
[04:29.30] And I said it was Miley Cyrus.  璇存Miley Cyrus
[04:31.40] Well, youre kind of half right, Catherine. In fact, both Brad Pitt and Miley Cyrus are vegan.  浣澶ф瀵逛涓锛炽瀹涓锛Brad PittMiley Cyrus芥椋涓讳
[04:36.90] Jennifer Lopez used to be, but has since started eating meat again, apparently.   Jennifer Lopez剧浣剧跺ス板濮浜
[04:41.00] Now, why dont we wrap up by looking at todays vocabulary one more time?  浠负浠涔涓ュ涔涓浠澶╃璇跺熬
[04:45.50] Well  we started with emissions: gases produced by something or an activity such as digestion.  浠emissions寮濮锛浜涓瑗挎涓涓椿姣濡娑锛浜х姘浣
[04:51.10] Livestock emissions for example  are gases produced by animals.  姣濡茬锯ㄧ╀骇姘浣
[04:55.20] We can also add a word that describes a kind of emissions, like methane emissions or greenhouse gas emissions.   浠浠ュ涓涓ュ舰瀹逛绉瑰撅姣濡茬锋炬娓╁姘浣俱
[05:04.20] Next up we had in this day and age  which means these days.   涓涓涓in this day and ageㄣ
[05:08.10] I still cant believe you still dont have a smartphone in this day and age, Neil.  浠舵娉镐俊浣ㄥ浠娌℃涓涓鸿芥猴灏煎
[05:12.20] Well, maybe I just object to smartphones for ethical reasons!  锛涔璁告涓洪寰峰瀵规鸿芥猴
[05:15.80] So you have for moral reasons to smartphones?  浠ヤ瀵规鸿芥烘寰风
[05:18.20] Yeah, for me its important to understand the conditions of the workers in the factory where the smartphone is made.  锛瀵规ヨ浜瑙ｆ鸿芥哄伐㈠伐浜虹宸ヤ澧寰瑕
[05:23.30] Thats fair enough then. But, Neil, you havent become vegan yet for ethical reasons, have you?  濂斤浣璇寸瀵广浣灏煎锛浣娌℃涓洪寰峰绱椋涓讳锛瀵瑰锛
[05:28.20] Youve got me there  I admire veganism but I still like cheese too much to do it! Veganism is the noun.   杩涓浣璇村浜娆ｈ椋涓讳锛浣杩お娆㈣澹锛涓扮椋涓讳锛绱椋涓讳涓璇
[05:35.40] Thats right. So two more words to go  we have arid and livestock. Arid describes land that is too dry to support many crops or plants.   锛杩涓や釜璇aridlivestockaridㄦユ堪板骞茬ワ娉绘椿寰澶搴绋兼妞┿
[05:46.70] But arid regions can sometimes support livestock  livestock means farm animals.  浣璐板烘浜跺浠ュ绘椿livestocklivestock洪ㄧ┿
[05:51.60] If you think of the stock as being the assets of a business, then animals are living or live stock.   濡浣stock充涓涓涓涓璧浜эｄㄧ╁氨livinglive锛涓や釜璇芥椿锛stock
[05:57.70] And that brings us to the end of todays programme.  浠澶╃氨拌浜
[06:00.60] Join us on our Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube pages for lots more! Let us know what you think of veganism!  ユ浠Facebook, Twitter, InstagramYouTube缃椤碉村璧璁璁╂浠ラ浣瀵圭椋涓讳娉锛
[06:08.60] Bye for now. Bye!  瑙瑙锛

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BBC六分钟英语：你能变成素食主义者吗