BBC六分钟英语听力精选：交流的好处

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[00:11.70]Welcome to 6 Minute English, where we bring you a thoughtful topic and six items of vocabulary.  欢迎收听六分钟英语，在该节目中我们会探讨有思想的话题，奉上六个有用的单词。
[00:17.40]I’m Rob…  我是罗伯。
[00:18.10]And I’m Neil. So I was watching an old Woody Allen movie last night…  我是尼尔。我昨晚在看伍迪・艾伦的老电影。
[00:22.50]OK. Is he the anxious middle-aged guy from New York who talks about his problems all the time?  他是不是中年焦虑的纽约人，总是谈论自己的问题？
[00:27.50]That’s the one.  就是他。
[00:28.30]He was paying for… psychoanalysis C and that’s a type of talk therapy that was popular in the 1970s.   他花钱进行心理分析，这是20世纪70年代流行的一种谈话心理治疗方式。
[00:36.60]Do you know what therapy means, Rob?  你知道therapy是什么意思吗，罗伯？
[00:38.40]Yes. Therapy means a type of treatment for a problem or illness.  知道。Therapy（治疗）是指解决问题或治愈治病的方法。
[00:42.70] And talk therapy is a treatment for psychological problems  谈话治疗是解决心理问题的一种治疗方式，
[00:46.60]C which means problems of the mind C in case you were struggling with another long Greek word, Neil!   psychological problems是指思想上的问题，假如你很纠结另一个很长的希腊词汇。
[00:51.90] Trained therapists work with you on ways to understand your thoughts, feelings and behaviour.  训练有素的治疗师会跟你一起了解你的想法、感受和行为。
[00:57.00]Hey, Rob, I’m an expert on long Greek words.   罗伯，我可是长的希腊词汇的专家。
[00:59.90]Psychology is the noun, by the way.  顺便说一句，psychology是名词。
[01:02.30]And the prefix psycho in front of any word means to do with the mind.  其前缀psycho放在某一词前，代表这个词和思想有关。
[01:06.90]For example the horror movie Psycho… which is all about the disturbed mind of the main character, Norman Bates…  例如恐怖电影《惊魂记》，讲的是主人公诺曼・贝茨错乱的思想。
[01:14.00]…Where disturbed means not thinking or behaving in a normal way C because you have psychological problems.  disturbed是指不能以正常的方式思考或行动，因为你有心理问题。
[01:20.80]Norman Bates would have found talk therapy helpful, don’t you think?  诺曼・贝茨会发现谈话治疗很有用的，你觉得呢？
[01:24.30]Hmm. I’m not sure really.   我不确定。
[01:26.10]Anyway, let’s have a quiz question C shall we now, Neil?  总之，让我们看看今天的问题，现在看看，怎么样？
[01:29.40]Can you tell me who invented the first talk therapy?  你能告诉我谁第一个发明了谈话治疗吗？
[01:33.10]Was it… a) Boris Karloff, b) Carl Jung or c) Sigmund Freud?  a) 鲍里斯・卡洛夫， b) 卡尔・荣格 还是 c)西格蒙德・弗洛伊德？
[01:38.90]I’m going to go for Sigmund Freud.  我选弗洛伊德。
[01:41.50]OK. Interesting answer C we’ll find out later whether it was the right one or not.  有趣的答案，之后我们再看你回答得是否正确。
[01:46.50]Now, moving on, what do you think is the most common psychological problem today, Neil?  接着说，你觉得如今最常见的心理问题是什么呢？
[01:51.40]It’s depression.  是抑郁。
[01:52.80]And depression C a feeling of unhappiness that can affect your thoughts, behaviour and feelings   抑郁是指不开心的感觉，会影响你的思想、举止和感受。
[01:57.90]C is the most common psychological problem affecting people throughout the world.  这是影响全世界人的最常见的心理问题。
[02:02.20]How depressing! That’s the adjective!  多么令人抑郁！这是形容词形式！
[02:05.10]It makes me feel depressed just thinking about it.  一想起它就让我感觉很抑郁。
[02:07.90]And depressed is the adjective we use to describe how we are feeling.   depressed也是形容词，我们用来描述自己的感受。
[02:12.20]Don’t feel depressed, Rob!   别抑郁，罗伯！
[02:13.90]Let’s listen to Professor Brent Roberts from the University of Illinois to find out more about the benefits of talk therapy.  我们听听伊利诺伊大学布兰特・罗伯茨教授讲述谈话治疗的好处。
[02:21.30] Seeing a therapist does result in marked changes in psychological functioning.   看治疗师会对心理技能产生显著的变化。
[02:26.90]So people get less depressed and they get less anxious, and it seems to be regardless of what type of intervention is engaged in.  人们的抑郁会减少，焦虑也会减轻，无论是哪种的治疗干预都会产生这样的效果。
[02:33.90]And that is… and that has been one of the more positive aspects of the therapy research that we’ve seen.  这是我们看到的心理研究最积极的方面。
[02:39.50]So when people talk to therapists about their problems,  当人们和治疗师交流他们的问题后，
[02:44.60]it results in marked changes in their psychological functioning C marked here means obvious or noticeable.  会对心理技能产生显著的变化，marked是指明显的，可以注意到的。
[02:51.30]And these marked changes are that people become less depressed and anxious!  这些明显的变化有，人们的抑郁和焦虑减轻。
[02:55.60]An intervention, by the way, is something you do to improve a medical problem  顺便提一下，干预是指你做某事来改善医疗问题。
[03:00.30]C and in this context, it refers to different types of talk therapy.  在当下的语境中是指谈话治疗的不同方式。
[03:04.00]But why is talking about our problems helpful, Neil?  为什么交流对我们的问题有帮助呢，尼尔？
[03:07.00]I think it gives a shape to our problems.   我觉得交流让我们的问题具体化。
[03:09.40]It makes them seem clearer C and that’s a first step in being able to manage them.  让问题更清晰的显露，这是我们处理问题的第一步。
[03:13.90]Also, a problem shared is a problem halved, as the saying goes.  俗话说，两人分担，问题减半。
[03:18.50]There’s also some scientific evidence that talk therapy can change the way we think and feel  还有科学证据证明谈话治疗会改变我们思考和感受的方式，
[03:24.20]C by replacing negative thought patterns with positive ones.  通过用积极的思考方式替代消极的思考方式。
[03:27.80]Medication can also change the way we think and feel.  药物治疗也会改变我们思考和感受的方式。
[03:31.00]Some people take pills to treat depression.  一些人服用药物来治疗抑郁。
[03:33.60]But medication can have negative effects, for example it can make you feel sleepy during the daytime.  但药物有一些副作用，例如会让你在白天感到很困。
[03:39.30]Well, here’s a positive thought C let’s check how much we’ve learned today by going over today’s vocabulary!   这里有一个积极的办法，让我们浏览一遍今天的单词看看我们学到了多少。
[03:45.30]We had therapy…  我们提到了治疗。
[03:46.90]Therapy is a type of treatment for a problem or illness.  治疗是指解决问题或治愈疾病的方式。
[03:50.40]There’s therapy C therapist C therapeutic.  治疗方式，治疗师，治愈的。
[03:53.90]My therapist is using a new therapy with me C it’s very therapeutic!  我的治疗师使用新的治疗方式来治疗我，这种方式非常治愈。
[03:58.60]Therapeutic means treating an illness C but in a more general sense, it can simply mean relaxing.   治愈的是指治疗疾病，但广义的来说，它也简单地指放松的。
[04:05.20]For example, I find listening to music very therapeutic.  例如我发现听音乐非常治愈，非常放松。
[04:08.50]OK. Next up C psychological C relating to the mind.   下一个单词是心理的，和思想有关。
[04:12.00]Psychology C psychologist C psychological.   心理，心理学家，心理的。
[04:16.40]Depression and anxiety are both psychological problems.  抑郁和焦虑都是心理问题。
[04:20.50]My friend is studying psychology at university.  我朋友在大学研究心理学。
[04:23.90]I want to be a famous psychologist.  我想成为一名著名的心理学家。
[04:26.00]A career change at your age, Neil?!   你这个年纪还想换工作？
[04:28.00]You’ve kept that one a secret.   你要守住这个秘密。
[04:30.10]OK. Number three C disturbed C not thinking or behaving in a normal way because you have psychological problems.   好了，第三个单词是错乱的，指因为有心理问题而不能以正常的方式思考和行动。
[04:37.10]She was a disturbed young woman.  这位年轻女士有点精神错乱。
[04:39.60]Or disturbing C I’ve been having very disturbing dreams recently.  disturbing（令人不安的）。我最近经常做一些令人不安的梦。
[04:44.00]Poor Neil! Disturbing here means upsetting or worrying.  可怜的尼尔。令人不安的是指沮丧的，令人担心的。
[04:48.00]Next item C depression C a feeling of unhappiness that can affect your thoughts, behaviour, and feelings.  下一个词是指抑郁，一种不开心的感受，会影响你的思想、举止和感受。
[04:54.30]We felt depressed by the news.  我们听到这个消息非常压抑。
[04:56.40]The news was very depressing!  这个消息令人非常压抑。
[04:58.30]Alright. Let’s lift the mood C marked means obvious or noticeable.   好了，让我们提起情绪，marked是指明显的，可以注意到的。
[05:02.80]There’s been a marked improvement in your English homework!  你的英语作业有了显著的进步。
[05:05.50]There was a marked increase in the company’s profits last year!  该公司去年的利润有了显著提高。
[05:08.70]And finally C intervention C something you do to improve a problem C medical or otherwise.  最后我们提到干预，是指你做某事来改善问题，医疗问题或其他问题。
[05:14.50]Let me intervene at this point C intervene C that’s the verb and in this context it means to interrupt   让我插一句，intervene，是动词，在该语境中是指插入，
[05:20.00]C and say we’ve forgotten the quiz question, Rob!!  我要说的是我们忘了公布今天问题的答案，罗伯！
[05:22.70]Oh, no! Good intervention.  对！介入的好！
[05:24.60]Yes, let’s remind ourselves of that quiz question: who invented the first talk therapy?  让我们想一下今天的问题：谁最先发明了谈话疗法。
[05:30.00]And you said Sigmund Freud, which is the right answer, so well done, Neil!   你说的是弗洛伊德，这就是正确答案，做的不错！
[05:33.90]Psychoanalysis was invented in the early 1890s by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud.  心理分析由奥地利神经学家弗洛伊德于19世纪80年代发明。
[05:40.30]The patient lies on a couch and talks about their thoughts, feelings and dreams while the therapist listens.   病人躺在沙发上，讲述他们的思想、感受和梦，治疗师在一旁听着。
[05:46.60]Psychoanalytic sessions typically last 50 minutes and take place 4 to 5 times a week.  心理分析通常持续50分粥，每周四到五次。
[05:52.60]OK. Good to know. But I think I prefer our own brand of talk therapy here on the show.  很高兴了解这些。但我更喜欢节目中我们自己的谈话治疗品牌。
[05:58.40]And listeners C you can express your thoughts and feelings by visiting our Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube pages.  听众朋友们，你可以访问我们的 Facebook， Twitter， Instagram 和 YouTube主页，表达你们的想法和感受。
[06:04.80]Talk to you again soon! Bye bye!  下一次继续与你们诉说。再见！
[06:07.20]So tell me about your childhood, Rob…  那么，罗伯，给我讲讲你的童年吧。

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BBC六分钟英语听力精选：交流的好处