BBC六分钟英语听力精选：我们有多诚实？

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[00:11.30]Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English, where we bring you an interesting topic and six items of vocabulary. I’m Neil, and joining me is Rob.  大家好，欢迎来到六分钟英语，我们将为大家带来一个有趣的话题，以及六个实用单词。我是尼尔，这是我的伙伴罗布。
[00:18.80]Hello there! And today we’ve got six minutes to talk about honesty and how honest people are C particularly when it comes to spending money.   大家好！今天我们谈论的话题是诚实，以及人们有多诚实，尤其是涉及到金钱消费的时候。
[00:27.50]So Neil C what’s an honesty box’?  尼尔，什么是诚实箱？
[00:29.80]Well, it’s where you pay for something by putting money in a box C but it’s up to you to put in the right amount.  这个嘛，就是你买东西的时候用来收款的箱子――但是钱的数量放得对不对就看消费者自己了。
[00:36.60]A small business might use this method to take money for things like parking your car or buying a newspaper because it means you don’t need a sales assistant.  一些小本生意会用这种方式收款，比如停车费、买报纸，因为这些都不需要专门的导购员。
[00:45.80]But that means people could take a newspaper or park their car without paying anything!  但这也意味着人们可以买报纸或停车都不付钱！
[00:51.90]An honesty box relies on people being honest. The adjective honest means truthful and not trying to cheat people.  诚实箱完全依赖于消费者的诚实度。形容词honest的意思是真诚的、不欺骗别人。
[00:59.20]And the noun is honesty C the quality of being truthful. Have you ever cheated an honesty box, Rob?  honesty是它的名词。意思是真诚的品质。罗布，你有没有欺骗过诚实箱？
[01:05.00]Absolutely not! I’ve never have!  绝对没有，我从不这么做！
[01:07.00]Honestly?  真的？
[01:08.10]Honestly! And to cheat, by the way, means to trick or deceive someone to get something you want. Honesty is the best policy, as they say…  真的不能再真！顺便说一下，cheat意思是哄骗或欺骗别人得到你想要的东西。俗话说的好，诚实是做人之本。
[01:17.00]Which of course leads us on to our quiz.  这就来到我们的小问答环节了。
[01:20.20]The 6 minute English quiz! Who said ‘honesty is the best policy’? Was it…a) Donald Trump b) Benjamin Franklin or c) Richard Nixon?  6分钟小测验！“诚实是做人之本”这句话是谁说的？A 唐纳德・特朗普  B 本杰明・富兰克林  C 理查德・尼克松
[01:32.60]Honestly, Neil! Everyone will know the answer to that.  老实说，尼尔，每个人都知道答案是什么。
[01:35.20]But do you know the answer to that, Rob?  那你知道吗，罗布？
[01:37.50]Well, I’ll have an honest guess. I think it’s b) Benjamin Franklin.  呃，我会诚实地猜一猜。我觉得是B 本杰明・富兰克林。
[01:42.10]Well, you might be right, but you might not C we’ll find out at the end. I did like your use of ’honestly’ there, Rob.  嗯，你的答案有可能正确，但也有可能错误。我们会在节目最后揭晓。罗布，我很喜欢你刚才的honestly的用法。
[01:48.30]We can use the adverb ’honestly’ at the beginning of a sentence to show that we’re feeling irritated  我们可以在句子开头用这个词表达一种被惹恼的情绪，
[01:53.50] C for example when your co-presenter picks a quiz question that’s too easy!  比如当你的搭档选了一个太简单的测验题。
[01:57.00]OK, OK, let’s move on now and hear from Philip Graves, a psychologist, and author of the book Consumerology,   OK, OK.我们接着往下看，听听心理学家菲利普・格雷弗斯的看法。他曾写过一本书叫做《消费者学问》，
[02:04.20]who can tell us about why honesty isn’t always the best policy.  他在书中告诉我们，为什么诚实不是做人之本。
[02:08.60] The question is not ’Are most consumers honest, the question is ’Are most people honest?’  “大部分消费者都是诚实的吗？”这个问题应该改为“大部分人都是诚实的吗？”
[02:12.80]And the answer to that is ’no’. We have evolved with the capacity to be dishonest.  答案是“不是”。我们说谎的能力已经进化许多。
[02:17.40]It’s part of our evolutionary psychological make up C because if we can gain an advantage over the people around us, we have a greater chance of surviving.  这是我们心理素质进化发展的一部分。因为如果获得一种优于其他人的优势，就有更大的几率生存下来。
[02:27.10]Now what’s important in that is that we also benefited from being in a social group and that was important in our evolutionary past so there is a balance to strike   如今重要的是，在社会组织里，我们依旧能从“不诚实”中受益。社会组织在人类进化过程中很重要，
[02:36.50]between the extent to which we can feather our own next, so to speak, and the risk of being ostracised by the group.  这么说吧，我们需要在，将自己美化到何种程度，和被集体孤立之间，把握住平衡。
[02:44.70]A consumer is a person who buys things or services C for example, food or clothes.  consumer是购买东西或服务的人，比如买食物或衣服的人。
[02:50.20]Or the use of a parking space C or a taxi.  或者使用停车位、出租车的人。
[02:52.70]Now, if I park my car and don’t pay for the parking space, I’m being dishonest, but I’m also saving money.  现在，如果我停了车，又不付停车费，我就是不诚实的人，但同时我也省了钱。
[02:59.40] And Philip Graves says being dishonest is part of our ’psychological make up’. What does that mean?  菲利普・格雷弗斯表示，“不诚实”是心理素质的一部分。这是什么意思？
[03:05.30]Our psychological make up is the way the human mind works C the way we think.  心理素质就是人内心的活动方式，思考问题的方式。
[03:10.20]And it makes sense to be dishonest if you gain an advantage through this behaviour.  如果你通过不诚实的行为获得一种优势，那么你的不诚实就有意义。
[03:15.20]So when you take something without paying for it, you save money you can spend on something else.   所以，如果你没有付钱而拿走了某个东西，你省下了这笔钱，就可以花在其他东西上。
[03:20.70]So why do we place such importance on being honest then? C If we benefit from being dishonest?  那为何还要把诚实看的这么重要呢？――既然我们能从不诚实的行为中获益。
[03:26.40]Because it’s selfish behaviour C which other members of our social group won’t like.  因为不诚实是一种自私的行为。其他的社会成员不会喜欢。
[03:31.70]If everybody acted selfishly and dishonestly all the time, the world would be a very unpleasant place!   如果所有人总是都自私不诚实，世界就会变得非常糟糕！
[03:38.20]Selfish C meaning only caring about yourself and not about other people. That’s a good point, Rob.  Selfish，意思是只在乎自己，不关心他人。说得很好，罗布。
[03:43.30]Yes, societies work better if people behave co-operatively C which means working together towards shared goals.  是的。如果人们配合得好，科学家的工作就变得轻松一些，co-operatively意思是为了共同的目标而一起工作。
[03:50.10]So honesty really is the best policy then C at least most of the time!  所以诚实真的是做人之本，至少大部分时间是！
[03:54.20]And now it’s time for the answer to the quiz. Who said ‘honesty is the best policy’?  又到了揭晓测验答案的时候了。是谁说“诚实是做人之本”的呢？
[04:00.20]What do you think, Rob?  罗布，你觉得的呢？
[04:01.20]OK. Was it Benjamin Franklin?  是本杰明・富兰克林么？
[04:03.30]And that was… the right answer! Maybe the question was too easy!  答案……正确！也许这个问题有点太简单了！
[04:08.30]Benjamin Franklin wrote it in a book of proverbs called Poor Richard’s Almanac between 1732 and 1758.  本杰明・富兰克林曾将这句话写进一本箴言集中，名字叫做《穷人理查德年鉴》，写于1732年到1758年间。
[04:16.20]Other famous quotes include ‘There are no gains without pains‘ and ‘Have you something to do tomorrow? Do it today.‘  里面还有其他著名的格言，比如“一分耕耘一分收获”，“明天要做的事，最好今天就做了”。
[04:23.60]OK let’s follow Franklin’s wise words and move right ahead with the vocabulary items we learned today.  好啦，让我们伴着富兰克林的名言，一起进入下一个环节，看看今天要学的新单词。
[04:30.20]First up was the adjective honest C meaning truthful and not trying to cheat people C For example, ’Neil has a very honest face’.  首先是形容词honest，意思是真诚的，不试图欺骗别人。比如，“尼尔有一张诚实的脸。”
[04:39.30]OK, then there’s … um …. honesty and honestly… the noun and adverb forms. For example, erm…  然后是名词honesty和副词honestly。举个例子，嗯……
[04:48.50]Honestly, Rob, hurry up and do the second item!  好了，老实说罗布，速度点讲下一个词！
[04:51.10]OK, OK, I’m getting there! To cheat C means to behave dishonestly to get what you want.  好的好的，下一个！To cheat（欺骗）――意思就是常常喜欢作弊。为达到目的做出不诚实的举动。
[04:57.10]My granny always used to cheat in card games. It was so annoying!  我奶奶以前打牌就喜欢作弊，真让人伤脑筋！
[05:00.90]And I always used to cheat in spelling tests at school!  我以前上学时常常在拼写考试中作弊！
[05:03.90]How dishonest, Rob! OK, number three. Consumer C a person who buys goods or services for their own personal use.  罗布你太不诚实了！好了，看第三个词――consumer消费者，是购买个人所用商品或服务的人。
[05:11.30]For example, ’I am a big consumer of chocolate bars’.  举例，“我是一个巧克力消费大户。”
[05:15.00]That’s terrible English, Rob! How about C ’We asked UK consumers how much money they spent on food every month’?  罗布！这个句子可不太好！这个怎么样――“我们询问英国消费者他们每月在食物上花费多少钱。”
[05:21.20]OK, I agree that’s a better example. Anyway, I never consume chocolate. Right, Number four!  好吧，你的例子的确比我好。不管怎么样，我从来不吃巧克力。第四个！
[05:26.80]Psychological make up C the way our minds work. The way we think.  Psychological make up心理素质――我们思维运作的方式，我们思考问题的方式。
[05:31.60]For example, ’He had the psychological make up of a serial killer…’  比如说，“他拥有连环杀人犯一般的心理素质……”
[05:35.50]That’s nasty! Moving on C selfish C caring only about yourself and not other people.  咦，真不好！继续――selfish自私的――只在乎自己不关心别人。
[05:41.40]You only made yourself a cup of tea C that was a selfish thing to do!  你只给自己到了一杯茶，真自私！
[05:44.80]What???  啥？？？
[05:45.30]It was just an example. You’re not selfish, Neil. You’re actually the most co-operative person I know C you’re happy to work with others towards a common goal.  只是举个例子而已。你一点儿也不自私，尼尔。你是我认识的最配合的搭档。你总是很开心和别人为共同的目标而努力工作。
[05:53.80]Not selfish then?  那我不是个自私的人了？
[05:55.20]Never selfish. Always co-operative… And honest too.  从来都不是。总是很配合，而且还很诚实。
[05:58.80]Great. Now, I honestly recommend that listeners visit our Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube pages.  太好了。现在我要诚实地向听众们推荐我们的Facebook，Twitter，Instagram，以及Youtube主页。
[06:05.30]You can co-operate with other learners in your common goal of improving your English! Bye-bye!  你们也可以和其他英语学习者为提高英语水平一起努力！再见！
[06:10.70]Goodbye!  再见！

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BBC六分钟英语听力精选：我们有多诚实？