章鱼到底有多聪明？octopus的复数形式是什么？

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[00:10.22]Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.	大家好，欢迎来到六分钟英语。我是尼尔。
[00:13.93]Hello. And I'm Catherine.	大家好。我是凯瑟琳。
[00:15.45]Now, Catherine, how do you feel about cephalopods?	现在，凯瑟琳，你觉得头足类动物怎么样？
[00:18.79]Er ...cephalopods?	额……cephalopods？
[00:22.92]Yeah. You do know what cephalopods are, don't you?	是的。你知道cephalopods是什么，是吧？
[00:25.69]Yes, of course I do. 是的，我当然知道。
[00:26.78]It's a new kind of ipod, isn't it?	它是一款新的苹果音乐播放器，不是吗？
[00:28.50]Not exactly, no. 实际上不是，并不是。
[00:30.79]A cephalopod is a kind of sea creature, like a squid or octopus.	头足类动物是一种海洋生物，像鱿鱼或者章鱼。
[00:34.84]Oh, cephalopods, yes, of course. 哦，头足类动物，是的，当然。
[00:38.28]I know what a cephalopod is.	我知道头足类动物是什么。
[00:39.61]Of course you do. 你当然知道。
[00:41.27]Well, today's programme is all about one of these squishy creatures, the octopus, which apparently is a pretty clever animal. 好的，今天节目全是关于一种黏糊糊的生物――章鱼，显然它是一种相当聪明的动物。
[00:48.34]To start, here's today's quiz question. 节目开始是今天的测试问题。
[00:50.93]What is the correct plural form of octopus? Is it a) octopuses b) octopodes or c) octopi?What do you think, Catherine?	章鱼正确的复数形式是什么？是a) octopuses b) octopodes 还是 c) octopi?你认为是什么，凯瑟琳？
[01:01.28]OK. I think this is a trick question. 好吧，我觉得这是一个刁钻的问题。
[01:03.31]I think people think that it's 'octopi'.我觉得人们会认为是“octopi”。
[01:06.93]But it's actually, there's a technical term for it, which is the correct term and that's 'octopodes'. 但是它实际上有一个专业术语，那是它的正确形式“octopodes”。
[01:13.20]But some people think, like children and staff, they just put the plural 's' on so they say 'octopuses'. 但是一些人认为，像小孩和老师，他们只是把复数“s”加上，所以他们说是“octopuses”。
[01:18.51]So I'm going for answer b) octopodes.	所以我会说答案是b) octopodes。
[01:21.50]Wow! Listen out for the answer at the end of the programme, just to see how right or wrong you are. 哇！在节目最后留心听答案来看看你是对是错。
[01:27.76]Now, apparently the octopus is a remarkably intelligent creature. 现在显然章鱼是一种非常聪明的生物。
[01:31.59]They have the ability to solve some complex problems and in one famous case one was even able to predict the result of World Cup football matches.	它们有解决某些复杂问题的能力，而且在一个很出名的事件中，有一只章鱼甚至可以预测世界杯足球赛的结果。
[01:39.78]Oh, yes, Paul, that octopus. 噢，是的，那只叫保罗的章鱼。
[01:42.57]I don't think he was really psychic though. 然而我并不认为它真的是超能力者。
[01:45.48]It was just a publicity stunt by the zoo that had him, as a way to promote their zoo.	那只是它所在动物园的炒作，作为推广他们动物园的一种手段。
[01:49.87]It may have been a publicity stunt, but he was actually quite accurate. 它或许是一个炒作，但事实上它十分准确。
[01:53.67]In fact, he correctly predicted the result of 12 matches out of 14 - that's 86%. 事实上，14场比赛中，它正确预测出12场比赛的结果，那占了86%。
[01:58.68]Not bad, eh?	不错了吧，嗯？
[01:59.92]That's amazing. 难以置信。
[02:01.80]I didn't know he was that good. 我不知道它那么棒。
[02:02.76]Anyway, Neil, tell us more about the octopus.	不管怎样，尼尔，告诉我们更多关于那只章鱼的信息。
[02:05.82]Well, I'll leave that to Peter Godfrey-Smith, philosopher of science and author of Other Minds: The Octopus, the Sea, and the Deep Origins of Consciousness. 好的，我会把那留给皮特?戈弗雷?史密斯来解释。他是一名科学哲学家以及《他心：章鱼，海洋，意识的深层起源》的作者。
[02:16.25]He is quite a fan of our eight-tentacled friends. 他是我们八触手朋友――章鱼的大粉丝。
[02:19.53]On the BBC Radio 4 programme Start the Week he said that humans and the octopus have a common ancestor. 在BBC广播4频道的节目《一周伊始》中，他说人类和章鱼有共同的祖先。
[02:25.62]This is a term in science which means 'a creature from which both species evolved'. 这是科学领域的一个术语，指的是从一种生物进化而来的物种。
[02:31.35]Like a very distant relative. 就像远亲。
[02:32.87]How long ago does he say this common ancestor lived?	他说这个共同的祖先生活在多久以前？
[02:36.57]We got the octopus as a very special evolutionary product. 我们觉得章鱼是一种非常特别的进化产物。
[02:43.12]It's an animal that's removed from us by a lot of evolutionary distance. 它是一种进化距离和我们很远的生物。
[02:48.70]The common ancestor that we share with an octopus lived about 600 million years ago or actually even a bit longer than that. 我们和章鱼的共同祖先生活在大约6亿年前或者实际上比那更久远。
[02:55.83]But it has a large nervous system in a range comparable to vertebrates.	但是它有一套庞大的神经系统，在很大程度上和脊椎动物相似。
[03:01.20]So our common ancestor lived about 600 million years ago or maybe a little bit longer than that.	所以我们共同的祖先生活在大约6亿年以前，或者是比那更久远。
[03:10.15]And he says that the octopus has a nervous system that is comparable to vertebrates. 而且他说章鱼的神经系统和脊椎动物相似。
[03:14.52]Comparable means 'similar to', 'like'.・Comparable指的是“相似”，“像”。
[03:17.72]And vertebrates is the term for the group of animals that have a spine or backbone. 而且脊椎动物是有脊椎或者脊骨的动物的术语。
[03:22.17]We humans are examples of vertebrates.	我们人类就是脊椎动物的例子。
[03:24.44]So what Godfrey-Smith is saying is that the squishy octopus has a nervous system which has some similarities to our own.In that it's quite large.	所以戈弗雷・史密斯说的是黏糊糊的章鱼有和我们相似的神经系统。因而它的神经系统相当庞大。
[03:34.77]And a large nervous system is a sign of intelligence. 而且庞大的神经系统是智慧的象征。
[03:38.63]He goes on to talk a bit more about how we might be able to relate to the octopus. 他会继续谈到更多关于我们如何和章鱼有所关联的内容。
[03:43.13]He talks about the protean nature of its body. 他谈到了章鱼千变万化的身体特征。
[03:46.70]Protean is an adjective which means 'adaptable or changeable'. 	・Protean是一个形容词，指的是“随机应变的或者变化无常的”。
[03:49.60]And the octopus's body is certainly that. 而且章鱼的身体确实是那样的。
[03:52.40]Why might that be a problem for us?	为什么对我们来说那或许是个问题？
[03:54.58]The sensory world of an octopus has, in some way it's recognisable. 章鱼所拥有的感官世界在某种程度上来说是可识别的。
[04:01.39]They're very visual animals, they're very taste-oriented animals and those things make sense to us. 他们是非常视觉性的动物，是非常重视味觉的动物。
[04:08.41]But the absence of hard parts, the protean nature of the body and the sort of extent of the sensitivity makes it a hard thing to think about.	而且那些对我们来说很有意义。但是没有脊椎，千变万化的身体特征以及敏感性让人很难想象它是聪明的。
[04:18.58]This is interesting, isn't it? So the octopus uses its senses of vision and taste, like we do, and this is something we can recognise. 这很有趣，不是吗？所以章鱼使用它的视觉和味觉，就像我们一样，而且这是我们承认的。
[04:28.40]But what is tricky for us is that its form is so completely different from ours. 是对我们来说棘手的是它的形态和我们如此不同。
[04:34.71]The octopus isn't a vertebrate, so it can change its form and its shape very easily.	但章鱼不是脊椎动物，所以它可以非常容易地改变自己的形态和形状。
[04:41.17]Yes, we're not used to thinking of soft squishy things having intelligence. 是的，我们不习惯说柔软的，黏黏糊糊的东西聪明。
[04:46.13]And speaking of intelligence, we've been very careful not to use the plural of octopus so as not to give away the answer to today's question, which was: 而且说到聪明，为了不泄露今天问题的答案，我们一直很小心不使用章鱼的复数形式。今天的问题是：
[04:54.37]what's the correct plural form? a) octopuses b) octopodes or c) octopi ?Catherine, you said...	哪个是正确的复数形式？a) octopuses b) octopodes 还是 c) octopi？凯瑟琳，你说……
[05:03.40]Well, I said that some people think it's 'octopuses', a lot of people think it's 'octopi', but the actual answer is 'octopodes'.	好吧，我说有些人认为是“octopuses”，很多人认为是“octopi”，但是真正的答案是“octopodes”。
[05:12.45]And you're completely right. Congratulations!	你完全正确，恭喜你！
[05:15.71]Thank you. So let's review today's vocabulary. 谢谢。所以让我们回顾一下今天的词汇吧。
[05:18.92]Cephalopod is the name of the group of animals to which the octopus belongs.	头足类动物是章鱼所属于的种群的名字。
[05:24.17]Publicity stunt is something a company might do to grab your attention and promote its products. 炒作是公司或许为了吸引你的注意以及推销自己产品所作出的事情。
[05:29.95]Like claiming an octopus can predict the winner of football matches.	就像宣称章鱼可以预测足球比赛的冠军。
[05:34.46]A common ancestor is a distant relative from which two different species evolved.	共同的祖先是进化为两个不同物种的远亲。
[05:40.26]Comparable to means 'similar to'. ・Comparable to指的是“相似”。
[05:43.11]And vertebrates are animals that have a spine.	而且脊椎动物是有脊椎的动物。
[05:46.38]And then finally we had protean, this adjective means 'adaptable and changeable'.	然后最后我们提到了protean，这个形容词指的是“随机应变的，变化无常的”。
[05:53.58]Time now for us to say goodbye. 现在到了我们说再见的时候。
[05:55.67]But remember you can find us on --Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube as well as our website, bbclearningenglish.com. 但是记得，你可以在Instagram，Twitter，YouTube以及我们的网址bbclearningenglish.com上找到我们。
[06:02.37]So be sure to check us on one, several or all of those before joining us again. Goodbye.	所以在再次加入我们之前，一定要查看其中的一个，多个甚至是所有啊。再见。
[06:08.41]Bye!	拜！

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章鱼到底有多聪明？octopus的复数形式是什么？