幸福的概念：如何提升幸福感？接受自己的不完美

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[00:11.76]Neil: Hello. Welcome to 6 Minute English, I'm Neil. 大家好，欢迎收听英语六分钟，我是尼尔。
[00:14.70]This is the programme where in just six minutes we discuss an interesting topic and teach some related English vocabulary. 在这个节目中，我们将在六分钟时间里讨论一个有趣的话题，并教授一些相关的英语词汇。
[00:22.19]And joining me to do this is Rob. 和我一起主持节目的是罗伯。
[00:24.14]Rob: Hello, Neil. 你好，尼尔。
[00:24.77]Neil: Now Rob, you seem like a happy chappy. 罗伯，你看起来很快乐呀。
[00:27.26]Rob: What's the point of being miserable? 	痛苦又有什么用呢？
[00:29.19]Neil: Well, that are many things that could make you feel down in the dumps - a phrase that means 'unhappy' - but what are the things that keep you feeling happy, cheerful and chirpy, Rob?   	嗯，有很多事会让你感到沮丧，这个短语（feel down in the dumps）的意思是“心情不好”，但是有什么事会让你感到开心、高兴和快活呢，罗伯？
[00:39.19]Rob: Oh many things like being healthy, having good friends, presenting programmes like this with you, Neil! 	哦，有很多事，比如身体健康、有好朋友，和你一起主持这个节目，尼尔！
[00:45.64]Neil: Of course - but we all have different ideas about what makes us happy - and that can vary from country to country and culture to culture. 当然了，但是对于什么能让我们快乐，我们有不同的信念，信念因国家和文化的不同而有所不同。
[00:53.80]It's what we're talking about today - concepts of happiness. 这就是我们今天要讨论的话题――幸福的概念。
[00:56.95]Rob: Now Neil, you could make us even happier if you gave us a really good question to answer. 尼尔，如果你能给我们提一个很好的问题让我们回答，我们会更开心。
[01:02.50]Neil: Here it is. Happiness is an emotion that actually gets measured. 问题来了，幸福实际上是一种可以衡量的感情。
[01:05.97]The World Happiness Report measures "subjective well-being" - how happy the people are, and why. 《世界幸福报告》衡量的是“主观幸福感”，比如人们有多幸福，人们因为什么而幸福。
[01:12.59]But do you know, according to a United Nations agency report in 2017, which is the happiest country on Earth?	但是你知道吗，根据联合国机构2017年的一份报告，哪个国家是世界上幸福指数最高的国家？
[01:20.18]Is it... a)    Norway b)    Japan, or  c)    New Zealand? 	是a)挪威；b)日本；还是c)新西兰？
[01:24.49]Rob: WeIl, I  think they're all very happy places but the outdoor life of many New Zealanders must make New Zealand the happiest place. 嗯，我认为这几个国家都是幸福指数非常高的国家，但是很多新西兰人的户外生活一定会让新西兰成为最幸福的地方。
[01:32.72]Neil: OK, we'll see. I'll reveal the answer later on. 好的，我们拭目以待。我稍后会揭晓答案。
[01:36.60]But now back to our discussion about happiness around the world. 现在回到我们关于“全球最幸福国家”这个讨论上来。
[01:39.14]Rob: Happiness can be hard to define. 幸福很难定义。
[01:41.49]Research has suggested that while personal feelings of pleasure are the accepted definition of happiness in Western cultures, 研究表明，在西方文化中，个人的愉悦感是公认的幸福定义；
[01:48.77]East Asian cultures tend to see happiness as social harmony and in some parts of Africa and India it's more about shared experiences and family. 在东亚文化中，人们倾向于将幸福视为社会和谐；而在非洲和印度某些地区，幸福更多是与共同的经历和家庭有关。
[01:57.27]Neil: It's something author and journalist Helen Russell has been looking at - she's even created an 'Atlas of Happiness'. 作家兼记者海伦・拉塞尔一直在关注这个问题，她甚至创作了一本“幸福地图集”。
[02:03.54]Her research focused on the positive characteristics of a country's population - and guess which country she found to be one of the happiest? 	她的研究集中在一个国家人口的积极的特性上，然后你猜猜她发现哪个国家是最幸福的国家之一？
[02:11.38]Rob: New Zealand? 	新西兰吗?
[02:12.25]Neil: Actually no. It was Japan. 实际上不是新西兰，是日本。
[02:14.50]Here she is speaking on BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour programme. 下面是她在BBC第四广播电台的《女性时间》节目中发表的讲话。
[02:18.39]What concept - or belief - is it that promotes happiness? 	是什么概念或信念提升了幸福感？
[02:22.53]Millennials and perhaps older people are better at remembering wabi-sabi - this traditional Japanese concept around celebrating imperfection, 千禧一代（(1982-2000出生的人），或者说年纪稍大一些的人在牢记残缺美学（Wabi-sabi：残缺之美，非圆满之美；朴素又安静的事物）方面做得更好，
[02:31.33]which I think is something so helpful these days, especially for women - （wabi-sabi）这种日本传统的概念旨在赞美缺陷，我认为这个方法在当今社会非有用，尤其是对于女性而言，
[02:35.73]it's this idea that there is a beauty in ageing, it's to be celebrated rather than trying to disguise it, or trying to cover up the scars instead you gild them with kintsugi - 也就是“老有老的美”这个想法，变老是值得赞美的，不必试图掩盖变老的事实；或者试图掩盖伤疤而不是用金缮修饰它（金缮是运用纯天然材质修补残缺器物的工艺名称）
[02:44.41]if you break a pot instead of chucking it away, you mend it with gold lacquer so the scars, rather than being hidden, are highlighted in pure gold... ――假如你打破了一个水壶，你不用扔掉它，而是用金漆修复破裂的地方。所以与其掩盖伤疤不如用纯金修复它。
[02:52.39]We all have laughter lines and rather than being ashamed of them, they're something to be celebrated. 我们每个人都有笑纹，不必为之感到痛苦，笑纹也值得赞美。
[02:57.85]Neil: So in Japan, there is a belief that people should celebrate imperfection. 所以在日本，人们相信大家应该赞美不完美。
[03:03.50]Imperfection is a fault or weakness. “Imperfection”是指缺点或弱点。
[03:06.14]So rather than hiding something that's not perfect, we should celebrate it. 因此，相比于隐藏不完美的东西，我们更应该赞美它。
[03:10.40]Rob: Getting old, for example, is not something to be ashamed of - don't hide your wrinkles or laughter lines - these are the creases you get as you skin ages or even you get from smiling too much! 	比如，变老并不是一件令人羞愧的事情，不要隐藏你的皱纹或笑纹，这些皱纹是随着你皮肤的老化而产生的，甚至是你笑得太多而产生的。
[03:21.24]Neil: Rather than spending time being ashamed of our faults, we should accept what and who we are. 与其花时间为自己的缺陷感到羞愧，我们还不如接受自我。
[03:26.63]This concept is something that Helen feels is particularly being celebrated by Millennials and older people. 海伦认为，千禧一代及年纪稍长的人对这一概念尤为推崇。
[03:33.24]Rob: Yes, and Helen compared this with the process of kintsugi - where the cracks or scars on broken pottery are highlighted with gold lacquer. 没错，海伦将之与金缮的过程相比，金缮是指用金漆突出破裂陶器上的裂纹或疤痕的技艺。
[03:41.73]This is called gilding. So we should highlight our imperfections. 这叫做镀金。所以我们应该大方地展示我们的不完美。
[03:45.58]Neil: This concept is something that maybe English people should embrace more because according to Helen Russell's research, they are not a very happy population. 据海伦・拉塞尔的研究显示，英国人并不是一个非常快乐的群体，所以他们更应该接受这个概念。
[03:54.80]Here she is speaking on the BBC's Woman's Hour programme again - what word does she use to describe people like me and you? 	下面是她另一段在英国广播公司的“女性时间”节目中的发言――她用什么词来形容像你我这样的人呢？
[04:01.32]In England what we have is 'jolly', which many of us now associate with this kind of 'jolly hockey sticks' or maybe an upper-class thing but actually it's something that really plays through a lot of British culture in a way that we may not think of so much. 在英国，我们有“jolly”这个词，现在很多人都将它与“jolly hockey sticks”（上层社会女子好交际的）或者可能是一种上流社会的东西联系起来，但实际上它真的以一种我们可能想不到的方式贯穿英国文化。
[04:15.12]So there's this sense that in a lot of our comedy, in a lot of our approach to life you just sort of... 在我们的很多喜剧中，在我们的很多生活方式中都有这种场景....
[04:20.36]you get out there, you go for a dog walk, you have a boiled egg and soldiers ['soldiers' in this case are small slices of toast that you can dip into your egg and eat], and we do sort of get on with things - 你可能是走出门、去遛遛狗、吃个水煮蛋和烤面包片(“soldiers”在这种情况下指的是小片烤面包，你可以蘸着鸡蛋吃)、以及做着其它类似的事情
[04:24.76]it's a coping mechanism, it's not perfect but it's worked for many Brits for a while. ――这是一种应对机制，这个机制并不完美，但暂时对很多英国人来说这个方法很奏效。
[04:28.99]Rob: In the past we would use the phrase 'jolly hockey sticks' - a humorous phrase used to describe upper-class school girls' annoying enthusiasm. 在过去，我们会用“jolly hockey sticks”这个短语――一个幽默的短语，用来形容上层社会女子因让人生厌的热情。
[04:38.10]Neil: But Helen now thinks 'jolly' describes an attitude that is used as a coping mechanism - that's something someone does to deal with a difficult situation. 但是海伦现在认为“jolly”描述的是一种用作应对机制的态度，即某人在处理困难处境时所采取的态度。
[04:46.42]We smile, do everyday things - like walking the dog - and just get on with life. 我们微笑着处理日常琐事，比如遛狗，比如从容面对生活。
[04:51.50]Rob: I guess she means carry on without complaining. 我想她的意思是不抱怨地生活。
[04:54.22]Neil: Well, here's something to make you happy, Rob - the answer to the question I asked you earlier, which was: according to a United Nations agency report in 2017, which is the happiest country on Earth? 	好吧，罗伯，让你高兴的事情来了――我刚才问你的问题的答案什么？问题是：根据2017年联合国机构报告，下面哪个国家是全球2017年度幸福指数最高的国家？
[05:05.21]Is it... a)    Norway b)    Japan, orc)    New Zealand? 	是a)挪威；b)日本；还是c)新西兰？
[05:09.20]Rob: And I said c) New Zealand. 我选的是c)新西兰。
[05:11.60]Neil: The answer is a) Norway. 答案是a)挪威。
[05:12.89]The report has been published for the past five years, during which the Nordic countries have consistently dominated the top spots.	这项报告已经发布了五年了，五年里一直都是由北欧国家占据榜首。
[05:20.44]OK, now it's time to remind ourselves of some of the vocabulary we've mentioned today. 好了，现在是时候复习一下我们今天提到的一些词汇了。
[05:25.11]Rob: We mentioned the phrase down in the dumps - which is an informal way of describing the feeling of unhappiness, sometimes with no hope. 我们提到了down in the dumps这个短语，这是一种描述不开心、有时觉得没有希望的非正式表达方式。
[05:32.32]Neil: The next word was imperfection, which is a fault or weakness. 下一个词是imperfection（不完美），imperfection是缺点或弱点的意思。
[05:36.36]You won't find any imperfections in this programme, Rob! 	罗布，你在这个节目里的表现找不到任何瑕疵！
[05:39.02]Rob: Glad to hear it. 很高兴听你这么说。
[05:39.76]Maybe we should gild this script - to gild something is to cover it in a thin layer of gold. 也许我们应该给这个剧本镀金――镀金就是给它涂上一层薄薄的金。
[05:44.98]We also heard about the word jolly which means 'cheerful and happy'. 我们还听说了jolly这个词，意思是“快乐的”。
[05:49.25]Neil: And being jolly can be used as a coping mechanism - that's something someone does to deal with a difficult situation. 还有“being jolly”用来作为一种应对机制――即某人在处理困难的情况时所做的事情。
[05:55.78]If something doesn't go well, you just smile and carry on. 如果事情不顺利，你只需微笑着继续。
[05:58.62]Rob: Well, there's no need to do that in this programme. 听我们节目是肯定无需如此的。
[06:01.64]Now there's just time to remind you that we have a website with lots more learning English content. The address is bbclearningenglish.com. 现在是时候提醒你，我们有一个有着更多英语学习内容的网站。网址是bbclearningenglish.com。
[06:08.77]Neil: Thanks for joining us and goodbye. 感谢收听我们的节目，再见。
[06:10.24]Rob: Goodbye!	再见!

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幸福的概念：如何提升幸福感？接受自己的不完美