对食物过敏的人越来越多？儿时长湿疹更容易食物过敏

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[00:12.54]Neil: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.	大家好，欢迎来到六分钟英语。我是尼尔。
[00:15.20]Rob: And, hello, I'm Rob.	大家好，我是罗伯。
[00:16.31]Neil: In 6 Minute English we often talk about food, don't we, Rob?	在六分钟英语中，我们经常谈到食物，不是吗，罗伯？
[00:20.10]Rob: Oh yes! And I love food. It's a very important topic.	噢，是的。而且我喜欢食物。它是非常重要的话题。
[00:23.46]Neil: We know that too much of the wrong kind of food can be bad for our health. 我们知道很多不当的食物对我们的健康有害。
[00:27.65]But there is another way that food can be harmful for some people.	但是食物还可以以另一种方式伤害某些人。
[00:30.95]Rob: Yes, you're right. Some people have food allergies. 是的。有些人会食物过敏。
[00:34.45]They can become very ill if they eat certain foods such as peanuts, shellfish, milk and so on. 如果他们吃一些特定的食物，如花生、贝类、牛奶等，他们会病的得很厉害。
[00:40.47]So, Neil, do you have any food allergies?	所以尼尔，你对食物过敏吗?
[00:42.52]Neil: Fortunately I don't, but my daughter is allergic to tree nuts, and so she gets very ill if she eats those.	幸运的是我不会食物过敏，但是我女儿对坚果过敏，所以如果她吃了坚果，她就会病得很重。
[00:49.90]Rob: Oh dear! Well, it seems as if there are more food allergies these days, or more people have them. 天啊！好吧，似乎现在食物过敏的情况更多了，或者说更多的人会食物过敏。
[00:54.66]Or maybe it's just in the news more.	也可能只是新闻报道中食物过敏的例子太多了。
[00:56.85]Neil: Well, that's a very interesting point because that is the topic of this programme. 嗯，这是一个非常有趣的观点，因为那是本期节目的主题。
[01:01.55]Before we find out more though, here is our question. 然而在我们了解更多之前，这里是我们的问题。
[01:04.52]One of the most common food allergies is to peanuts. 花生是最常见的过敏食物之一。
[01:08.18]Now, what kind of food is a peanut? Is it: A) a vegetable B) a nut or C) a legume	花生是哪种食物？是:A)蔬菜 B) 坚果 还是 C) 豆类？
[01:16.38]Rob: Oh, come on! A peanut is a nut! There's a clue in the name there, Neil!得了吧！花生是坚果！名字里就有线索，尼尔！
[01:20.85]But that would be too easy, wouldn't it? So I'm going to say that I've got no idea what a legume is, so that's my answer. C.	但那简单了，不是吗?我不知道豆类是什么，所以那就是我的答案。C。
[01:27.74]Neil: I'll have the answer at the end of the programme. 我将在节目最后揭晓答案。
[01:30.13]To help answer the question as to whether food allergies are more common now, here's Dr Adam Fox, who was speaking on The Food Programme on BBC Radio 4. 为帮助回答“食物过敏现在是否更常见”这个问题，亚当・福克斯博士做客BBC广播4频道《食品》节目。
[01:40.62]Does he think there has been an increase?	他认为食物过敏的例子增加了吗?
[01:43.11]I think we can be very confident if you look back over, say, 30 or 40 years that there are much more allergic problems around now than there were. 如果你回顾过去，比如说30或40年，我们能非常确信现在的过敏问题比以前多得多。
[01:50.15]So, for example, very robust studies that look at prevalence of things like eczema, food allergy do show really significant increases over 20, 30 years, for example.	所以，关于湿疹，食物过敏等疾病普遍率的精确研究确实表明它们在过去20到30年间都有显著增加。
[01:59.90]Neil: Has there been an increase?	（食物过敏的例子）有所增加吗？
[02:02.12]Rob: Well, yes. He says there have been significant increases. This means there has been a 'clear and obvious rise'.	好吧，是的。他说有大幅增加。这意味着有清楚明显的增加。
[02:09.73]Neil: Why does he think that?	为什么他那样认为？
[02:11.33]Rob: He said that there have been robust studies. 他说有精确研究。
[02:14.49]A study is a piece of research and if you say a study is robust, it means that it was 'very detailed and conducted thoroughly to a high standard'.	study是指研究，如果你说一项研究是robust，那就是说它非常详细，经过操作非常标准。
[02:23.25]Neil: He said that these studies looked at the prevalence of a few things. 他说这些研究观察了一些事物的普遍程度。
[02:27.12]Prevalence is a noun that refers to how common something is, how often it happens.	“prevalence”是一个名词，指某事有多常见，发生的频率有多高。
[02:31.58]Rob: One of the things they looked at as well as food allergies was eczema. 他们观察的食物过敏症状之一就是湿疹。
[02:35.90]This is a skin condition that usually happens in childhood. 这种皮肤病通常发生在孩童时期。
[02:39.53]The skin can get, red, itchy and painful over different parts of the body.	身体不同部位的皮肤会发红、发痒和疼痛。
[02:44.90]Neil: Here's Dr Fox again.	再听福克斯博士说一遍。
[02:45.67]I think we can be very confident, if you look back over, say, 30 or 40 years that there are much more allergic problems around now than there were. 如果你回顾过去，比如说30或40年，我们能非常确信现在的过敏问题比以前多得多。
[02:52.73]So, for example, very robust studies that look at prevalence of things like eczema, food allergy do show really significant increases over 20, 30 years, for example.	所以，例如，关于湿疹，食物过敏等疾病普遍率的精确研究确实表明它们在20到30年间都有显著增加。
[03:01.67]Neil: So what is the reason for the increase in food allergies? Is it genetics? Dr Fox again.	所以食物过敏增加的原因是什么？是遗传？再听一下福克斯博士是怎么说的。
[03:07.55]We certainly can't put it down to genetics. 我们当然不能把它归因于遗传。
[03:09.93]And we now understand that there is a key role for eczema. 我们可以将其理解为湿疹发生的重要原因。
[03:12.83]So, there's a pretty direct relationship between whether you've got eczema during infancy and your likelihood of getting a food allergy.	所以，婴儿时期是否患有湿疹和食物过敏之间有直接关系。
[03:20.27]Neil: Is it genetics?	是遗传吗？
[03:21.64]Rob: No, he says 'you can't put it down to genetics' which means 'you can't explain it' by genetics.	不，他说你不能把它归因于遗传，那指的是你不能只用遗传解释它。
[03:29.20]Neil: In fact, according to the research, if you have eczema as a child, you are more likely to develop food allergies. 事实上，根据调查研究，如果你在儿童时期患有湿疹，你更有可能患上食物过敏。
[03:35.31]Here's Dr Fox one more time.	再来听一遍福克斯博士的解释。
[03:37.57]We certainly can't put it down to genetics. And we now understand that there is a key role for eczema. 我们当然不能把它归因于遗传。我们可以将其理解为湿疹发生的重要原因。
[03:42.60]So, there's a pretty direct relationship between whether you've got eczema during infancy and your likelihood of getting a food allergy.	所以，婴儿时期是否患有湿疹和食物过敏之间有直接关系。
[03:50.25]Neil: OK! Now, time to review our vocabulary, but first, let's have the answer to the quiz question. 好的！现在，是时候回顾词汇了，但首先，让我们来揭晓测试题的答案。
[03:56.91]I asked: what kind of food is a peanut?  Is it: A) a vegetable B) a nut C) a legume . What did you say, Rob?	我问:花生是什么类型的食物?是A蔬菜，B坚果还是C豆类？罗伯，你刚才说什么？
[04:05.60]Rob: I said C) a legume, because that was only one I didn't know and it can't be as simple as being a nut!	我说是C)豆类，因为那是我唯一不知道的，而且答案不可能像坚果那样简单！
[04:12.00]Neil: An inspired guess! If you said C) legume, then congratulations. 只是一个来自直觉的猜测！如果你选的是C)豆类，那么恭喜你。
[04:17.33]Despite the name, a peanut is not actually a nut. 尽管名字相似，但花生实际上并不是坚果。
[04:20.58]Rather conveniently though, we don't have time for me to explain exactly why it's not a nut, but I'm sure you're smart enough to look it up yourself. 虽然很方便，但是我们没有时间解释为什么它不是坚果，但是我相信你会聪明地自己查阅。
[04:27.47]Rob: So, you're not going to explain it?	所以，你不打算解释一下？
[04:29.54]Neil: No, sorry, we don't have the time.	不了，抱歉，我们没时间了。
[04:30.80]Rob: Sounds to me like you're allergic to hard work, Neil!	这在我听起来像是你对努力工作过敏，尼尔！
[04:34.75]Neil: Nice link to today's vocabulary. 很好的连接到了今天的词汇。
[04:37.73]We do have time for that. 我们还有时间讲这个。
[04:39.40]Today we've been looking at the topic of food allergies. 今天我们一直在谈食物过敏的话题，
[04:43.08]This is when a particular food causes a medical problem.	食物过敏讲的是一种特殊的食物引起的医学问题。
[04:46.25]Rob: The problem could be minor or it could be very serious, even fatal and these are called allergic reactions.	这个问题的影响可能很小，也可能很严重，甚至致命，而且这些都被称为过敏反应。
[04:53.37]Neil: The topic has been investigated with robust studies. 这一主题已经通过准确的研究进行调查。
[04:56.40]This is research that has been done in a very detailed, accurate and thorough way.	这是一项非常详细、准确和彻底的研究。
[05:01.13]Rob: The next word was the noun prevalence. 下一个词是名词“普遍”。
[05:03.42]This is used to talk about how common or how frequent something is. 这个词被用来描述某事有多常见或多频繁。
[05:07.69]In this research, they examined the prevalence of food allergies in certain age groups.	在这项研究中，他们对特定年龄组的食物过敏患病率进行检测。
[05:12.39]Neil: Closely connected to food allergies is eczema. 湿疹与食物过敏密切相关。
[05:15.53]This is a medical condition that makes your skin dry, painful and itchy over different parts of the body.	这是一种使你身体不同部位的皮肤干燥、疼痛和发痒的疾病。
[05:21.72]Rob: It was reported that there had a been a significant increase in the number of people suffering from eczema and food allergies. 	据报道，患有湿疹和食物过敏的人数显著增加。
[05:28.72]A significant increase is a big and important increase.显著增长是一个巨大而重要的增长。
[05:32.37]Neil: And finally we had the phrase to put something down to something. 最后我们学了短语put something down to something。
[05:36.51]This means 'to say one thing is the reason for another'. 这个短语的含义是“说一件事是另一件事的原因”。
[05:39.49]In this case, you couldn't put the increase in food allergies down to genetics.	在这种情况下，你不能把食物过敏的增加归因于遗传。
[05:44.23]Rob: You know what I put the success of 6 Minute English down to?	你知道我把六分钟英语的成功归因于什么吗？
[05:47.74]Neil: No, what's that, Rob?	不知道，是什么，罗伯？
[05:48.91]Rob: Your great knowledge of different subjects and skill as a presenter and communicator.	你对不同主题的丰富知识以及作为演讲者和沟通者的技巧。
[05:53.85]Neil: Well, that's very kind of you... but I still don't have time to explain what a legume is! 嗯，你真是太好了……但是我还是没有时间解释豆类是什么!
[05:58.83]In fact now it's time to wrap up this edition of 6 Minute English. 现在是时候结束这一期的《六分钟英语》了。
[06:02.63]We look forward to your company again soon. 我们期待着您的再次参与。
[06:04.36]In the meantime, check us out in all the usual places, online and on social media. 与此同时，在所有常见的地方查找我们，网上和社交媒体。
[06:08.40]We are BBC Learning English. Bye for now!	我们是BBC学英语。再见了!
[06:11.66]Rob: Goodbye!	再见！

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对食物过敏的人越来越多？儿时长湿疹 更容易食物过敏

对食物过敏的人越来越多？儿时长湿疹更容易食物过敏