为什么我们会感到尴尬？你应该了解的社会潜规则

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[00:00.00]...
[00:11.16]Neil: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.	大家好，欢迎来到六分钟英语。我是尼尔。
[00:15.21]Dan: And I'm Dan.	我是丹。
[00:16.20]Neil: Now then, Dan, do you ever feel awkward?	那么丹，你有没有觉得尴尬过？
[00:19.70]Dan: Awkward?	尴尬？
[00:20.49]Neil: Yes, feeling uncomfortable, embarrassed or self-conscious in a social situation where something isn't quite right.	是的，在某些不太对的社交场合感到不舒服，尴尬或者难为情。
[00:27.76]Dan: Sometimes. 有时会。
[00:29.56]I remember always feeling very awkward watching TV with my parents if there was an explicit love scene. 我记得和父母看电视时，如果有露骨的爱情场景，总是会觉得很尴尬。
[00:36.86]You know, people canoodling.	你知道，他们在爱抚拥抱。
[00:38.95]Neil: Oh yes, me too! And that feeling of awkwardness is what we are looking at in today's 6 Minute English, and how it is all connected to social rules.	哦，是的，我也是！而且那种尴尬的感觉就是我们今天六分钟英语要了解的，以及它如何与社会规则联系起来。
[00:47.63]Dan: Social rules are the unspoken rules which we follow in everyday life - the way we interact with other people and particularly with strangers.	社会规则是我们日常生活中遵循的潜规则――我们与其他人，特别是与陌生人互动的方式。
[00:56.15]Neil: Yes. For example, if you're waiting at a bus stop, it's OK to talk about the weather to a stranger.	是的。例如，如果你在公共汽车站等车，你可以和陌生人谈论天气。
[01:01.83]Dan: But it would be very awkward if you broke that social rule by asking them about, oh I don't know, how much money they earned.	但如果你问了他们像是关于他们挣多少钱来等违反社交规则的问题话，那会非常尴尬。
[01:08.62]Neil: Oh yes, that would be wrong, wouldn't it? 哦，是的，那会是错误的，不是吗？
[01:10.61]And we'll find out about another awkward situation on the underground railway later in the programme. 稍后在节目中我们将找出地铁的另一个尴尬局面。
[01:16.58]Before that though, a quiz. 然而在那之前是一个测试问题。
[01:18.13]Which city has the oldest underground railway? Is it: a) London  b) New York or  c) Tokyo	哪个城市有最老的地铁？是：a）伦敦，b）纽约还是c）东京？
[01:27.15]Dan: Aha! Well, I'm pretty confident about this! I think it's London.	啊哈！好吧，我对此很有信心！我认为是伦敦。
[01:31.52]Neil: Well, I'll have the answer later in the programme. 好吧，我稍后将在节目中揭晓答案。
[01:34.29]Dr Raj Persuad is a psychologist. 拉杰什・伯赛德博士是一名心理学家。
[01:37.52]He was a guest on the BBC radio programme Seriously. 他做客BBC广播Seriously节目。
[01:40.87]He was talking about social rules. 他当时在谈论社会规则。
[01:42.91]How does he say they affect our lives?	他说社会规则是如何影响我们生活的？
[01:45.47]How do we understand what the implicit social rules are that govern our behaviour? They're so implicit. 我们如何理解管理我们行为的隐含社会规则是什么呢？它们如此含蓄。
[01:54.16]They're so almost invisible - yet we all obey them - 它们几乎是无形的――但我们都服从它们――
[01:57.49]i.e. they're massively powerful that the only way to get at them, because you couldn't use an MRI brain scanner or a microscope... 也就是说它们非常强大，只能服从它们，因为你无法使用MRI脑扫描仪或显微镜……
[02:04.86]What's the tool you would use to illuminate the social rules that actually govern our lives?	你会使用什么工具来解释实际上管理我们生活的社会规则呢？
[02:10.23]Neil: How do they affect our lives?	它们如何影响我们的生活？
[02:12.56]Dan: He says that they govern our behaviour, they govern our lives - this means that they 'control' our lives. 他说它们管理我们的行为，管理我们的生活――这意味着它们“控制”我们的生活。
[02:19.80]They 'rule' our lives.	它们“支配”我们的生活。
[02:21.40]Neil: What's interesting is that he says these social rules are implicit. 有趣的是他说这些社会规则是暗示的。
[02:25.59]They are not written down anywhere. 它们不会写在任何地方。
[02:27.33]They are unspoken but understood.	它们没有被说出来但却被理解。
[02:29.54]Dan: If they are unspoken and not written down, how can scientists and sociologists study them? 如果它们没有说出来，没有被写下来，科学家和社会学家是如何研究它们的呢？
[02:36.18]How can they find out about them? They need a way to illuminate the rules. 他们怎么能找出它们？他们需要一种方式来阐明规则。
[02:40.68]This means a way of shining a metaphorical light on them to see what they are.	这指的是隐喻地说了解它们来看看它们是什么。
[02:45.22]Neil: Here's Dr Persaud again.	再听一遍伯赛德所说的。
[02:47.45]How do we understand what the implicit social rules are that govern our behaviour? They're so implicit. 我们如何理解管理我们行为的隐含社会规则是什么呢？它们如此含蓄。
[02:56.11]They're so almost invisible - yet we all obey them  它们几乎是无形的――但我们都服从它们――
[02:59.60]i.e. they're massively powerful that the only way to get at them, because you couldn't use an MRI brain scanner or a microscope... 也就是说它们非常强大，只服从它们，因为你无法使用MRI脑扫描仪或显微镜……
[03:06.74]What's the tool you would use to illuminate the social rules that actually govern our lives?	你会使用什么工具来解释实际上管理我们生活的社会规则呢？
[03:11.92]Neil: One way to find out about a rule is to break it. 找出规则的一种方法就是打破它。
[03:15.75]Another word for 'break' when we're talking about rules is breach and breaching experiments were used to learn about social rules. 当我们谈论规则时，“打破”的另一个词是“违反”，而且破坏实验被用来了解社会规则。
[03:23.62]Here's Dr Persaud describing one of those experiments.	这是伯赛德博士描述的其中一个实验。
[03:27.24]You breached the social rule on purpose. 你故意违反社会规则。
[03:30.81]So a classic one - people would go into the Metro, the underground railway - Tube - and there'd be only one person sitting in a carriage. 	所以一个经典的的实验――人们会进地下铁路――并且只有一个人坐在车厢里。
[03:37.55]You would go and sit next to that person. 你去和那个人坐在一块。
[03:39.48]And if that led to awkwardness or discomfort, where the person got off the tube stop immediately, you had discovered a social rule.如果那导致尴尬或不舒服，那人立即离开地铁那，你就发现了一个社会规则。
[03:46.28]Neil: So, what was the experiment?	所以那个实验是什么？
[03:49.22]Dan: Well, quite simply, find a nearly empty train carriage and then go and sit right next to someone rather than a distance away. 好吧，很简单，找到一个几乎空着的地铁车厢，然后挨着某人坐，而不是隔着一段很远的距离。
[03:57.53]If that person then feels uncomfortable or awkward, and that's something you can tell by watching their behaviour -如果那个人感到不舒服或尴尬，你可以通过观察他们的行为来判断――
[04:03.58] for example, do they change seat, move carriage or get off the train completely? 例如，他们是否换座位，换车厢或者彻底下车？
[04:07.96]If they do, then you know you've discovered a rule.	如果他们那样做，那么你就知道你已经发现了一条规则。
[04:11.40]Neil: So you find a rule by breaking it or breaching it.所以你可以通过破坏或违反规则来找到规则。 
[04:15.10]OK, time to review our vocabulary, but first, let's have the answer to the quiz question. 好的，是时候回顾我们的词汇了，但是首先，让我们揭晓测验问题的答案。
[04:20.50]I asked which city has the oldest underground railway. 我问哪个城市有最老的地铁。
[04:24.50]Is it: a) London  b) New York and  c) Tokyo	是：a）伦敦，b）纽约还是c）东京？
[04:28.47]Dan, you were pretty confident.	丹，你刚很自信啊。
[04:30.04]Dan: I was! I said London, but now I'm having second thoughts. 我刚是很自信！我说是伦敦，但现在我有了第二个想法。
[04:34.43]I think it might be New York.	我想它可能是纽约。
[04:35.99]Neil: Oh... That's a little bit awkward, isn't it? 哦……这有点尴尬，不是吗？
[04:39.30]Well, it is London, so I don't know if you're right or wrong! I feel a bit uncomfortable now. 嗯，答案是伦敦，所以我不知道你是对还是错！我现在觉得有点不舒服。
[04:44.40]The facts are that London opened in 1863. 事实是伦敦地铁在1863年开放。
[04:48.69]New York was 1904 and Tokyo, 1927. 纽约是1904年，东京是1927年。
[04:52.66]Well done, and extra bonus points if you knew any of those dates. 如果你知道任何这些日期，那你干得不错，并且还有额外的奖励积分哦。
[04:56.32]Now it's time for our vocabulary. 现在是时候回顾我们的词汇了。
[04:58.76]I hope it doesn't make you feel awkward, but you can you start, Dan?	我希望它不会让你觉得尴尬，但是你能开始吗，丹？
[05:02.23]Dan: Of course! And the adjective awkward, and its noun awkwardness, are on our list for today. 当然！形容词“尴尬的”（awkward）和它的名词“尴尬”（awkwardness）在我们今天的单词单上。
[05:08.50]They mean 'an uncomfortable feeling in a social situation'.	它们的意思是“在社交场合感到不舒服”。
[05:11.80]Neil: This is all connected with the idea of social rules - unspoken, but well known rules which we follow in daily life to avoid awkward situations.	这一切都与社会规则的概念有关――未被说出来的但众所周知的规则，我们在日常生活中遵循以避免尴尬的情况。
[05:20.69]Dan: The rules, as Neil said, are not spoken and they are not written down but we know them and understand them. 正如尼尔所说，这些规则没有被说出来，也没有写下来，但我们了解并理解它们。
[05:27.66]They are implicit.	它们是隐含的（implicit）。
[05:29.42]Neil: And these implicit rules govern our lives. 这些隐含的规则管理着我们的生活。
[05:32.30]The verb govern means to 'control and rule'.	动词“管理”（govern）意味着“控制和支配”。
[05:35.70]Dan: To see something clearly, either in reality or metaphorically, you need to put some light on it. 要想清楚地看到某些事物，无论是现实还是隐喻，你需要对它有所了解。
[05:41.10]You need illuminate it. 你需要阐明它。
[05:42.70]And that was the next of our words, the verb illuminate.	那就是我们的下一个单词词，动词“阐明”（illuminate）。
[05:46.24]Neil: And finally we had a word which means, when we're talking about rules, the same as break, to breach.	最后我们学习了一个单词，那指的是当我们谈论规则时，就像打破规则一样，要违反规则。
[05:53.22]Dan: In experiments they breached the rules to learn more about them.	在实验中，他们违反了规则来了解更多有关它们的信息。
[05:56.37]Neil: Well, we don't want to breach any rules so it's time for us to leave you for today. 好吧，我们不想违反任何规则，所以现在是时候离开了。
[06:00.86]But don't worry we will be back. 但不要担心，我们还会回来。
[06:02.64]In the meantime, you can find us in all the usual places online and on social media, just look for BBC Learning English. Bye for now.	与此同时，你可以在网上和社交媒体上的所有常见地方找到我们，只需要查找BBC学英语。再见了。
[06:09.82]Dan: Bye-bye!	拜拜！

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为什么我们会感到尴尬？你应该了解的社会潜规则