15.Who is in charge of the executive branch?
15.行政部由谁负责？
Answer:
答案：
The President
总统
Explanation:
解释：
Many people know who the president of the United States is, but what does the president do? The president is the person in charge of (or responsible for) the executive branch. The president’s main job is to be the commander-in-chief, which means that he or she commands, or is the top leader of, the United States armed forces (or military). As commander-in-chief, the president has the power to send troops (or soldiers) to fight overseas (or in another country) at any time, but he or she can’t officially declare (or decide on) a war without the approval (or agreement) of Congress.
许多人知道美国总统是谁，但美国总统的职责是什么呢？总统是行政分支的负责人。总统的主要工作是司令官，即美国军队的最高领导者。总统作为司令官有权随时派遣部队去海外战斗，但在没有国会通过的情况下不能官方宣战。
The president is also known as the head of state. The head of any organization is the person who is in charge, and is the most important and powerful person in that organization. So as the head of state, the president is responsible for developing important relationships with leaders of other countries.
总统也是国家首脑。任何组织的领导都是该组织的负责人，是该组织最重要最有权威的人，因此作为国家元首，总统要发展与他国首脑的关系。
Another of the president’s powers is the ability to appoint (or choose) people to serve in the government. The most important people the president appoints are the members of his or her cabinet (or the group of people who give the president advice). The most powerful person in the president’s cabinet is the vice president. If the president dies or is unable to perform his responsibilities (or do his job) for any reason, the vice president must lead the country and its military.
总统的另一重要权力是任命政府职员。总统有权任命的最高职位是内阁成员（为总统参谋的小组）。总统内个最有权力的人是副总统，若总统死亡或任何理由不能执行自己的职责，副总统必须领导国家和军队。
The president has a lot of power, so there are some important requirements for the job. To become president, a person must be at least 35 years old, born in the United States, and must have lived in the U.S. for at least 14 years. Once a president is elected (or chosen by the voters), his or her term of office (or the length of time that he or she has the job) is four years. A president cannot serve more than two terms, for a total of eight years. This term limit (or the maximum number of years that a person can be president) is established in the 22nd Amendment, which was added to the Constitution in 1951. This limit exists for the same reason that checks and balances exist: to make sure that no one person (in this case, the president) can wield (or hold or use) too much power in the government.
总统有诸多权力，因此对该岗位也有许多要求。总统必须是生于美国，35岁以上并且在美国居住至少14年。总统一旦入选，其任职期为4年，任职限度（或总统最长任期）在1951年加入宪法的第22条修正案中有规定。这一限制和制约平衡的理由相同：避免总统在政府中权力过大。
Glossary
词汇
15.Who is in charge of the executive branch?
15.行政部由谁负责？
commander-in-chief - the person who leads a country's military (in the United States, this is the President)
Commander-in-chief—领导国家军队的人（美国式总统领导）
*The President of the United States is always the country's commander-in-chief, even if he or she doesn't have any military experience.
*美国总统即使没有一点军队经验也是国家的总司令。
armed forces - the military; the people and organizations who fight for a country, usually to protect it
Armed force—军队；通常为保护为国家而战的个人或组织
*The U.S. Army, Navy, Marines, Air Force, and Coast Guard are all parts of the U.S. Armed Forces.
*美国陆军，海军，海军陆战队，空军和海岸警卫队都属于美国武装部队。
head of state - the most important political leader of a country
Head of state—国家最重要的政府首脑
*The President of the United States usually welcomes other heads of state in a very formal ceremony.
*美国总统通常以正式礼节欢迎其他国家元首。
cabinet - a group of people who give advice, information, and ideas to the U.S. president on many important issues
Cabinet—最重大事情上给美国总统提建议，信息和理念的一组人。
*How often does the President meet with his Cabinet members?
*总统多久和内阁成员会见一次？
to perform (one's) responsibilities - to do one's job; to be able to do one's job
To perform (one’s) responsibilities—做某人的工作；能做某人的工作
*Luis performs his responsibilities as store manager with patience and professionalism.
*路易斯做店铺经理很耐心很专业。
term of office - the length of time that a person has a job; the amount of time that someone is allowed to have a job
Term of office—一个人工作的期限；某人被允许工作的年限
*The Chairman of the Board of Directors has a five-year term of office.
*董事会主席任期为5年。
term limit - the maximum number of years that a person can work in a particular job
Term limit—某人担任某工作的最长年限
*U.S. Senators do not have a term limit, so they can be Senator for as long as they want to.
*美国参议员没有任期限制，因此可以自定任期。
to wield - to hold or use
To wield—保持或运用
*The teacher wields his authority over the students very effectively and there are never any problems in his classroom.
*老师有效运用运用自己的权力，班里没出过问题。