25.Why do some states have more Representatives than other states?
25.为什么有些州其他州有更多的众议员？
Answer:
答案：
(Because of) the state’s population
●由于该州的人口
(Because) they have more people
●因为该州有更多人口
(Because) some states have more people
●因为有些州的人口更多
Explanation:
解释：
The fifty states of the United States have very different sizes, both in terms of (or related to) how much land there is and the population (or how many people there are).Some states are very large but have very few people; otherstatesarevery smallbut have many people. Even so, all fifty states need toberepresented inthe federal government.
美国50个州从面积和人口来说有很大的差异，有些州面积很大但人口很少，有些州面积很小但人口很多，即便如此，每个州在联邦政府都需要代表。
What was the solution? The Founding Fathers, or the people who created the U.S. government, decided to have two parts for lawmaking. One is the Senate, where each state has two representatives known as senators, no matter how many people live there. The other is the House of Representatives, where the number of representatives that each state has is proportional to its population, meaning that states with large populations have more representatives in the House than those states with small populations.
解决方案是什么呢？建国元首决定将立法由两部分组成，一个是参议员，每个州不管人数多少只有两名参议员，另一个是众议院，按各州人口比例决定代表数量，也就是人口多州的比人口少的州众议员多。
Each state is divided into a number of districts (or areas), one for each representative that it has in the House. Each representative is elected by the people living in his or her district. Changing where the district boundaries (or the lines between districts) are drawn on the map can change which political party has more power in a district. Redistricting, or changing the district boundaries, is called gerrymandering when it influences (or affects) the results of elections so that one political party is more likely to win. As you can see, this is a very big issue because redistricting can decide which political party has power.
每个州会分成好几个区，每个区有一名众议员，每个众议员都有该区的选民选举产生。地图标出的区界限变更会表明各政党在一个区的权力。重新划区或变更区域界线被称为改变选举区，它将影响选举结果使得一政党更容易胜出。我们可以看出，这是一个重大问题，因为重新划区决定了哪个政党拥有权力。
Sometimes gerrymandering is used to make district boundaries match (or be the same as) where racial groups (or groups of people with the same skin color) live. If the district boundaries are drawn so that white people are the majority (the largest group) in each district, then it is more likely that only white representatives will be elected. Obviously gerrymandering is unfair, but it is very common in modern politics. Many have criticized this practice of racial gerrymandering.
改变选举区有时候被用来按照种族集聚划分区界限。如果区界限按如此划分，那么白人居多的区可能只有白人众议员，很明显改变选举区是不公平的，但在现代政治中运用很普遍。很多人抨击这是种族改变选举区。
Glossary
词汇
25.Why do some states have more Representatives than other states?
25.为什么有些州其他州有更多的众议员？
in terms of - related to; measured by
In terms of—关于；以...来衡量
*How do you like your job in terms of salary and health benefits?
*就薪资和健康福利而言你喜欢这份工作么？
population - the number of people who live in a particular area
Population—住在一特定区域的人口数量
*The world has a population of more than six billion people.
*全世界人口超过60亿。
proportional - with the correct or corresponding size or amount of something
Proportional—某物相对应的尺寸或数量
*The president said that taxes that people pay should be proportional to the amount of money they make, so that people who make a lot of money pay more taxes than do people who make very little money.
*总统说税收应该与人们的收入成比例，收入高的人比收入低的人要缴纳更多税。
district - area; a large part or section of a bigger area
District—区域；一个大地区的一小部分
*Which school district is your high school in?
*你高中在哪个校区？
boundary - a line drawn on a map between two areas, separating them and showing where one ends and the other begins
Boundary—地图上分开两个地区起始和结尾的线
*Fremont Street is the boundary between the Irvington and Sabin neighborhoods.
*费蒙特街道是欧文顿市和萨宾社区的分界线。
redistricting - the process of changing where one district begins and another district ends, or the process of creating new districts or removing old ones
Redistricting—变更一个区域的开始和另一区域的结尾的过程，或创建新区废除旧区的过程
*As more people move to the cities, redistricting will become important.
*随着更多的人迁往市区，重新划区显得很重要。
gerrymandering - the process of changing where one district begins and another district ends based on what people believe in in certain areas to influence or affect the results of an election
Gerrymandering—为影响选举结果根据特定区域人们的信仰变更一个区域的开始和另一区域的结尾的过程
*He would never have been re-elected if there hadn't been so much gerrymandering in his state.
*如果没有如此多的改变选举区，他是不会再次当选的。
racial groups - groups of people with the same heritage, skin color, eye color, and/or facial features
Racial groups—有相同传统，肤色，眼睛颜色，面部特征的人群
*This report gives information about the buying habits of different racial groups in major cities.
*这份报告的信息是大城市不同人种的购买习惯。
majority - the bigger part of something; more than 50% of something
Majority—某物的大部分；多余50%
*In the United States, the majority of mothers have to work outside the home.
*美国大部分女性要上班。
to criticize - to say something bad about something; to say something negative about something; to say that something is bad or wrong
To criticize—说有关某事的坏话；说有关消极的话；说某事不好或是错的
*The professor criticized her students for not following the assignment guidelines.
*教授批评她的学生们没有遵循作业指导。