34.Who vetoes bills?
34.谁否决议案？
Answer:
答案：
The President
总统
Explanation:
解释：
Congress is the part of the U.S. government that is responsible for making laws. However, it cannot do it without the president’s help. Every time that the members of Congress agree on a bill (or an idea for a law), it has to be sent to the president for his or her approval. If the president does not think that the bill is a good idea, he or she can veto the bill so that it doesn’t become a law. If Congress still wants that bill to become a law, it can vote again and if two-thirds (or 67%) of the members agree, they can override the president’s veto so that the bill becomes a law even though the president doesn’t like it.
国会是美国政府负责立法的部分，但还需要总统的帮助。国会会员每通过一项法案都必须要经过总统的同意。如果总统觉得议案不够好是可以否决使其不成法律的。如果国会仍然想通过议案可以再次投票，若达到三分之二的议员通过，即使总统不喜欢，他们也能推翻总统的否决并使议案生成法律。
But what happens when the president thinks that some parts of the bill are good but other parts are bad? U.S. bills can be very long, complex documents that have hundreds or thousands of pages and cover (or talk about) many different things.Can the president veto just one or a few things in a bill, but still have the rest of the bill become law?
但如果总统觉得议案有些内容好有些内容不好呢？美国议案是很长很复杂的，有几百甚至几千页并且涵盖了不同的内容，总统可以拒绝中的某些部分但使其余部分生成法律吗？
That question was being asked a lot in the mid-1990s. Many members of Congress wanted the president to have line-item veto power, or the ability to veto just single line items, or small parts, of a larger bill. In 1996, Congress passed a bill called the Line Item Veto Act of 1996. President Bill Clinton signed it and it became a law. With this law, the president could veto individual parts of appropriation bills, or bills about how the government should spend its money. President Clinton used this power a few times.
这个问题在20世纪90年代中期被多次问到，许多国会议员希望总统有否决一部分议案的权力。1996年，国会通过了一项部分否决议案，经过比尔.克林顿总统签字生效。有了这部法律，总统可以否决拨款议案的一部分，克林顿总统曾使用过好几次这项权力。
However, the members of Congress who didn’t like this law thought that it was unconstitutional, or went against the United States’ most important legal document, the Constitution. The issue was presented to the Supreme Court, the most powerful court in the US., which decided that the line-item veto was unconstitutional. The Supreme Court believed that the way the Constitution is written, the president must approve or veto whole bills and not just parts of them. So in 1998 the Line Item Veto Act was repealed (or taken away so that it was not a law anymore). President Clinton was the only president who was ever able to make a line-item veto.
但是不喜欢这项法案的国会议员认为这是违背宪法的。这件事被送呈至最高法院，最后决定部分否决法案是违宪的。最高法院认为根据宪法缩写，总统只能同意或否决整部议案而不是某一部分，因此1998年部分否决法案又被取消了，克林顿是唯一一位使用部分否决权的总统。
Glossary
词汇
34.Who vetoes bills?
34.谁否决议案？
bill - a proposal or an idea for a new law
Bill—新法律的提案或想法
*The senator wants to write a bill that would punish factories that don't treat their workers well.
*参议员想写一部关于工厂虐待工人的议案。
to veto - to vote against something; to reject something, especially so that it cannot become a law
To veto—投票反对某事；拒绝某事，尤其是法律方面
*Why did you veto the new law? More than 70% of the people who voted for you supported it, so they expected you to support it, too.
*你为什么否决新法案？超过70%选你的人都支持这项法案，他们希望你也会支持。
to override - to change another person's or organization's decision by using one's power or authority
To override—运用某人的权力改变他人或组织的决定
*The workers wrote a letter saying that they wanted more vacation time, but their manager overrode their proposal and said they needed to work harder.
*工人们写信想得到更多假期，但被经理驳回了并说他们需要更努力的工作。
to cover - to talk about; to discuss or describe a certain topic
To cover—谈论；讨论或描述某一特定话题
*This book covers the early life and career of Rachel Carson.
*这本书讲述了蕾切尔.卡尔森早年生活和事业情况。
line item - a single line or part of a proposal, bill, or budget
Line item—一项提议，议案或预算的一行或一部分
*Why does your department's budget have a line item for massages?
*你们的预算里为什么还有一项是按摩的？
appropriations - related to how the government decides how it will spend its money
Appropriations—与政府决定怎么花钱有关
*Teachers from all over the country are trying to get Congress to have bigger appropriations for education.
*来自全国各地的教师们试图让国会增加教育经费。
unconstitutional - against the Constitution; against the law
Unconstitutional—违宪的；违法的
*In the United States, it is unconstitutional to tell people what religion they must follow.
*在美国告诉某人必须从事什么宗教是违法的。
to repeal - to take back; to undo something, especially a law that was already made
To repeal—收回；撤销某事，尤其是已确定的法律
*The city repealed an unpopular law that didn't let stores sell alcohol on Saturday evenings.
*该市取消了关于商店周六晚上不能卖酒的冷门法律。