39.How many justices are on the Supreme Court?
39.最高法院有几名法官？
Answer:
答案：
Nine (9)
9名
Explanation:
解释：
The Supreme Court, which is the most important court in the United States, has changed in many ways since it was first founded (or created) in 1790. When the Supreme Court first began, there were only six justices (or the judges who work on the Supreme Court). This number changed six times, but since 1869 there have always been nine justices.
最高法院是美国最重要的法院，自1790年建立之初变更过多次。最高法院刚开始时只有6名法官，之后经历过6次变更，不过从1869年开始一直是9名法官。
Supreme Court justices are appointed (or given their positions by people who work in politics). First they are nominated, which is when the president selects or picks them and says that this is the person who should get the job. Then they are rejected or accepted by the U.S. Senate. Justices are not rejected very often. In fact, only 12 nominees have ever been rejected as Supreme Court justices. All the others have been confirmed (or approved when at least half of the Senate members voted for them). The leader of these nine justices is called the Chief Justice; the other eight are called Associate Justices.
最高法院法官是任命的。首先由总统提名为候选人，然后由参议院决定是否当选，被提名的法官一般不会被拒。实际上，最高法院法官只有12名被提名者被拒了，其他的都被批准了。9名法官的首领被称为首席法官，其余的被称为协助法官。
When justices are confirmed (or approved), then they are appointed for life, meaning that once they become a justice they can never be forced to leave. Also, their salary (or the amount of money they make each year) can never be reduced (or made less). Because of this, the justices never have to worry about losing their jobs or losing money if they vote the wrong way or make a decision the president or other people don’t like. This is a good thing, because it means that they can rule (or make legal decisions) based on their beliefs and not to please the current president.
法官被确认后任期是终身的，即他们一旦成为法官就不能强迫其离职，薪资也不能减少，因此，法官们永远不用担心因投错票或总统及他人不喜欢的判决而丢失工作或金钱，这是一件好事，意味着他们可以依照自己的信念处理案件而不用取悦于现任总统。
Because the justices serve (or work in this public job) for life, the Supreme Court has a very low turnover rate. The turnover rate is how often old people leave and new people take their place in an organization. Most of the justices serve (or work) for many, many years, often until they die or decide that they want to retire (or stop working to enjoy their old age). Since 1790, there have been only 16 Chief Justices and 97 Associate Justices. On average (or typically), they serve 15 years. Because of this, the Supreme Court has a lot of continuity (or consistency over time).
因为法官是终身任期，因此最高法院的离职率是很低的。离职率是一个组织中老员工多久离职新员工多久接替岗位。许多法官都会工作直到死亡或自己决定退休。从1790年起，总共只有16名首席法官和97名协助法官，平均算下来，没人的工作年限是15年，所以最高法院是很稳定的。
Glossary
词汇
39.How many justices are on the Supreme Court?
39.最高法院有几名法官？
justice - a judge; one of the judges who work on the Supreme Court
Justice—法官；最高法院工作的法官之一
*Who was the first female Supreme Court justice?
*最高法院的第一位女法官是谁？
appointed - chosen for and given a position by someone with a lot of power
Appointed—由掌握大权的人任职的
*The company president wants to keep the business in his family, so he has appointed his son to have his job when he retires.
*公司董事长希望公司是家族式的，因此任命他的儿子在他退休后继承其位。
to nominate - to say that one wants someone to work in a particular position or to have a particular title, prize, or award
To nominate—申明某人想在某特定岗位工作或得到特定头衔，奖励等
*His dream is to be nominated for the Nobel Prize in physics.
*他的梦想是获得诺贝尔物理学奖。
to confirm - to approve a nomination; to give a position, job, or award to someone who has been nominated for it
To confirm—通过提名；给被提名者提供职位，工作或奖励
*Why didn't Congress confirm her nomination for the position?
*为什么国会不确认她任这个职位的提名呢？
for life - for the rest of one's life, or possibly until one decides to stop working
For life—某人的余生，或直到某人决定不再工作
*We work in most jobs for only a few years, but being a parent is for life.
*我们做一项工作可能只有几年，但做父母是一辈子的事。
salary - the amount of money that a person makes each year
Salary—某人一年挣的工资
*Most U.S. doctors have a salary of more than $100,000.
*大部分美国人的年薪都在100000美元以上。
to rule - to make a legal decision; to decide whether something is against the law; to decide how something should be done
To rule—做法律决定；决定某事是否合法；决定某事应如何做
*How do you think the court will rule in that case?
*你认为法院会如何判决那个案子？
turnover rate - how often employees leave and new people take their place in an organization or business
Turnover rate—一个组织中老员工多久离职新员工多久接替岗位
*Very stressful jobs have a high turnover rate because people get tired of working so hard.
*高压工作的离职率是很高的，因为人们厌倦了如此努力的工作。
to retire - to stop working so that one can enjoy one's old age
To retire—停止工作享受余生
*Are you saving enough money to be able to retire comfortably?
*你为安享退休攒够钱了吗？
continuity - the way that something stays the same over time
Continuity—某事一直保持同样状态的方式
*When they moved across the country, they gave their daughter a sense of continuity by making sure that she had all her favorite toys with her.
*他们搬家时确保女儿带上了所有喜欢的玩具使她有一种持续感。