40.Who is the Chief Justice of the United States?
40.美国首席法官是谁？
Answer:
答案：
John Roberts (John G. Roberts, Jr.)
约翰.罗伯茨
Explanation:
解释：
The Supreme Court is the highest (or most important) court in the United States, so it makes sense that the leader of the Supreme Court, known as the Chief Justice, is the highest (or most important) judge in the U.S. government.
最高法院是美国最重要的法院，理所当然，最高法院的领导，即首席法官自然是美国政府最重要的法官。
The Chief Justice has all the same responsibilities as the Associate Justices for hearing cases (or listening to lawsuits and stating a legal opinion). However, the Chief Justice also has many other responsibilities.
首席法官在审理案件中和协助法官的职责是一样的，不过他还有其他一些责任。
When the nine justices of the Supreme Court discuss (or talk about) cases, the Chief Justice must lead the discussion. The Chief Justice speaks first, and this gives him or her the power to influence (or affect) the discussion. The Chief Justice also makes the agenda (or plan for what will be discussed) for each weekly meeting where the justices decide which cases they are going to hear.
最高法院的9名法官讨论案件时，首席法官必须领导讨论。首席法官先发言，这也给了他/她影响讨论的权力。首席法官还会安排周会，确定法官们要审理哪个案件。
When the justices vote on a case, the Chief Justice’s vote is equal to (or has the same importance as) the other eight votes. However, the Chief Justice gets to decide who will write the court’s opinion (or a written document explaining what the court decided and why). Because the Chief Justice knows each justice’s writing style and opinions, he or she can pick the one who will write an opinion that describes the case as he or she would want it to be described. That is an important way for the Chief Justice to influence the work of the Supreme Court, since lawyers and other judges often go back to read the Supreme Court’s opinions and use them to make other legal decisions later.
法官们为案件投票时，首席法官的投票和其他法官的投票时一样的，但是首席法官决定由谁来写法院意见（或解释法院的决定和原因的书写文件），因为首席法官知道美味法官的写作风格和意见，他/她会挑选一个人按他/她的想法书写案例。这是首席法官影响最高法院工作的一个重要方式，因为律师和其他法官经常会翻阅最高法院书写的意见并依据此做出后续案件的结果。
When the U.S. president is inaugurated (or first begins working as the president), the Chief Justice states the oath (or promises that are made before entering a public office) that the new president must repeat.
美国总统新任职时要跟着首席法官做宣誓。
The Chief Justice also must preside over (or lead) impeachment trials for the U.S. president. An impeachment trial happens when the members of Congress believe that the president is doing his or her job very poorly or has done something very wrong and want to vote to have the job of president taken away from him or her.
首席法官还要领导针对美国总统的弹劾审判。弹劾审判是当国会认为总统工作能力不强或做错事时想通过投票使总统退位。
Glossary
词汇
40.Who is the Chief Justice of the United States?
40.美国首席法官是谁？
to hear a case - to decide on a legal issue; to hear what bothpartieshaveto say about a legal issue and then make a decision about which party is correct
To hear a case—决定法律案件；听取双方对法律案件的意见然后决定哪一方正确
*It must be very sad and depressing for judges to hear divorce cases all day.
*法官们一天到晚审理离婚案件一定很沮丧吧
to discuss (something) - to talk about something; to have a conversation about something
To discuss (something)—讨论某事；针对某事的谈话
*In tomorrow's lecture, we'll discuss the topics in the first part of chapter 13 from your textbook.
*明天的课堂上我们会讨论你们下一本书中第13张第1部分的主题。
to influence (something) - to affect something; to change something, especially how people think or act
To influence (something)—影响某事；改变某事，尤其是人们的想法或行动
*Darwin's theory of evolution influenced the way we thought about what it means to be human.
*达尔文的进化论影响了我们所想的人类是什么的方式。
agenda - a plan for what will be discussed at a meeting; a person'splanfor what he or she wants to get done while working in a public job
Agenda—会议上讨论议题的计划；在公众职位工作的人计划的需要完成的事情
*Today's agenda includes a 10-minute presentation by Ms. Jenkins.
*今天的日程包括包括一项詹金斯女士的10分钟演讲。
opinion - a written document explaining what a court (especially the Supreme Court) decided and why
Opinion—解释法院的决定和原因的书写文件
*The law students have to read and summarize two court opinions by Thursday.
*法学学生周四前要月度总结两篇法院意见。
to inaugurate (someone) - to have an official ceremony when a person first begins working in a public position or job
To inaugurate (someone)—某人首次任职公众职位时举行的官方仪式
*President Jackson was inaugurated in 1829.
*杰克逊总统1829年举行了任职典礼。
oath - the promises that one makes orally (spoken) when beginning to work in a public position or job
Oath—首次任职公众职位时口头作出的承诺
*All of the police officers have to take an oath, promising to protect the people who live in the city.
*所有的警察都要宣誓，承诺保护居住在市里的居民。
to preside over (something) - to lead something; to be responsible for something; to be in charge of something
To preside over (something)—领导某事；负责某事；
*The minister will preside over Tom and Shanda’s wedding ceremony.
*牧师负责主持汤姆和桑达的婚礼。
impeachment trial - a series of meetings where Congress decides whether the U.S. president is doing his or her job so badly that the presidency should be taken away from him or her
Impeachment trial—国会认为总统工作能力不强或做错事时举行的一系列会议使总统退位
*Do you think the president should resign before his impeachment trial begins?
*你觉得总统在弹劾审判开始之前应该辞职吗？