41.Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the federal government. What is one power of the federal government?
41.根据宪法有些权力是属于联邦政府的，这些权利包括哪些？
Answer:
答案：
To print money
●印钞
To declare war
●宣战
To create an army
●建立军队
To make treaties
●制定条约
Explanation:
解释：
When the 13 original states united (or came together) to make a new country, each of the states wanted to keep its powers and independence (or ability to make its own decisions). But the new federal (or national) government would also need some powers or else the states would not be able to work together as a new country. That is why the Constitution (our country’s most important legal document) specifies (or makes clear) certain powers for the federal government and others for the states.
最初的13个州在建立国家之时都想保留自己的权力和独立,但新组建的州政府也需要一些权力，否则这些州是不会合作共处的，这就是为什么宪法明确提出联邦政府应有的权力和各州应有的权力。
One of the powers of the federal government is to print money or to make the bills (or paper money) and coins (or metal money) that we use to buy and sell things. It makes sense that this is a federal power, because if each state could print its own money, then it would be very difficult to buy and sell things across state borders (or the lines drawn between states on a map, where one state ends and another state begins). When only the federal government can print money, all the states use the same type of currency (or the type of money used in a country).
联邦政府的第一项权力是印钞或制造纸币和硬币用来买卖交易。联邦拥有这一权利合乎情理，因为如果每个州都有印钞的权力，那么跨州的交易就会变得非常困难。只有联邦政府拥有印钞权，所有的州才会使用统一货币。
Another power of the federal government is to declare war (or to say that a war is beginning). Obviously this power should exist only at the national level, because it doesn’t make sense for one or two states to declare war against another country. Wars should happen only between countries.
联邦政府的第二项权力是宣战权。很明显这一权力仅存在于国家层面，因为一两个州不能向另一国宣战，战争是发生在两国之间的。
A third power of the federal government is to create an army (or the large group of people and organizations that fight to protect a country). States can have police that work within the state, but not armies that work internationally or in other countries.
联邦政府的第三项权力是建立军队。州可以有警察，但没有服务于国际或其他国家的军队。
Finally, the federal government can make treaties (or official agreements between countries). For example, the United States is involved in NATO, spelled "N," "A," "T," "O," which stands for the North Atlantic Treaty Organizations, at the national level. Individual states do not need to participate in NATO because the entire country participates in it at the federal level.
最后，联邦政府还能制定条约。例如，美国加NATO, ”N”, ”A”,”T”,”O”代表北大西洋公约组织，是国家层面的。单个州不需要加入NATO因为整个国家已经在国家层面加入了。
Glossary
词汇
41.Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the federal government. What is one power of the federal government?
41.根据宪法有些权力是属于联邦政府的，这些权利包括哪些？
independence - freedom; the ability of a country or area to make its own decisions, especially about its government
Independence—自由；一个国家或地区自己决定的能力，尤其是关于其政府
*After our country got its independence, it took many years to establish a stable government.
*我们国家独立后花了很多年才组建了稳定的政府。
to specify (something) - to make something clear, specific, and detailed
To specify (something)—是某事没清楚，具体，详细
*Could you please specify the reasons why you think this project is a bad idea?
*你能详细说明一下这项工程不好的原因吗？
to print money - to make paper money and/or coins for use in a country
To print money—为一国使用制造纸币或硬币
*If the government prints too much money, we'll have inflation and prices will go up.
*如果政府发行货币过多，我们将会遭遇通货膨胀，价格将会上升。
bill - a piece of paper money; money that is printed on paper
Bill—纸币；纸印的钱币
*May I take a $20 bill out of your wallet for you?
*我能从你的钱包里给你拿20美元吗？
coin - a piece of money made from metal; a small, round piece of metal that is used as money
Coin—金属制造的货币；用作货币的小圆金属
*I only have two five-cent coins, but I need a 25-cent coin for the parking meter.
*我只有两枚5份硬币，但停车计时器要25美分。
border - a line drawn between two countries, states, counties, or similar areas on a map, where one area ends and another area begins
Border—地图上两国，州，县或小区域之间画出的线，表明一块区域的结束和另一块区域的开始
*What river is on the border between Oregon and Washington?
*俄勒冈州和华盛顿州之间的河叫什么？
currency - the type of money used in a country
Currency—一国使用的货币
*Japan's currency is the yen.
*日本的货币是日元。
to declare war - to officially say that a war is beginning
To decare war—官方宣称战争开始
*How many times did the United States declare war in the 1800s?
*19世纪的美国宣战多少次？
army - the people and organizations who fight for a country, usually to protect it, and usually fighting on the ground (not in the air or on the ocean)
Army—为保护国家而战的人或组织，通常在陆地作战
*Elliot wants to join the U.S. army so that he can travel to other countries.
*艾略特想参加美国军队，这样他可以游行到其他国家。
treaty - an international agreement; an agreement between different countries
Treaty—国际协议；不同国家之间的协议
*Poland signed the Treaty of Torun in 1466.
*波兰在1466年签署了托伦条约。