48.There are four amendments to the Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them.
48.宪法有4条关于谁可以投票的修正案，请描述一下。
Answer:
答案：
Citizens eighteen (18) and older (can vote).
●年龄达到18周岁的公民
You don’t have to pay (a poll tax) to vote.
●投票不用交人头费
Any citizen can vote. (Women and men can vote.)
●任何公民都可以投票（男人和女人）
A male citizen of any race (can vote).
●任何种族的男性都可投票
Explanation:
解释：
Voting is one of the important rights (or freedoms) that Americans have, but not everyone can vote. The Constitution, which is the most important legal document in the United States, has 27 amendments (or changes or additions to the Constitution that have been approved by the voters). Four of these amendments are about who can vote. Let’s take a quick look at each of them.
选举权是美国人一项重要的权利，但并不是每个人都能投票。美国最重要的法律文件宪法有27条修正案，其中有4条是关于谁可以投票的，下面让我们快速的看一下。
The 15th Amendment was passed (or approved) in 1870. It forbids (or doesn’t allow) the government to use race (or skin color) in deciding who is eligible (or has the right) to vote. Before this amendment was passed, many states did not allow black or African American people to vote in their elections. The 15th Amendment made that illegal (or against the law).
第15条修正案于1870年通过，其中禁止政府以种族决定投票的权利。在这条修正案通过之前，很多州不许黑人或非裔美国人在选举中投票，第15条修正案将其视为非法。
The next amendment related to voting was the 19th Amendment, passed in 1920. This amendment forbids the government to use gender (or whether someone is a man or a woman) in deciding who is eligible to vote. Before this amendment was passed, only men could vote. This amendment gave women the right to vote.
第二条和选举有关的事第19条修正案，于1920年通过。这条修正案禁止政府以性别决定投票的权利。这条修正案通过之前，只有男性可以选举，修正案之后女性也有权选举了。
In 1964, the 24th Amendment was passed. It prohibits (or doesn’t allow) the government to make people pay money to vote. Before 1964, some states had made voters pay a tax (or money paid to the government) to cast their ballot (or vote). This made it very difficult or impossible for poor people to vote and that is why it was made illegal.
1964年通过的第24条修正案禁止政府在选举时收费。1964年之前，有些州在公民投票之前要缴纳人头税，这使得投票变得困难，因此被视为非法了。
The fourth and final (or last) amendment related to voting was the 26th Amendment passed in 1971. This amendment grants (or gives) suffrage (or the right to vote) to American citizens who are at least 18 years old. Before this amendment was passed, many states would let people vote only if they were at least 21 years old. Many people thought that this was unfair, since young men could join the army when they were 18, dying for their country before they were able to vote. With this amendment, however, American citizens can begin voting once they are 18 years old.
第4条和最后一条有关投票的修正案是1971年通过的第26条修正案。这条修正案使年龄达到18周岁的公民获得了选举权。在这之前，许多州最小投票年龄是21周岁。很多人觉得这不公平，因为年轻人18岁就可以参军，在有权选举之前就可能牺牲了。有了这条法案，年龄到18周岁的公民就可以参加选举了。
Glossary
词汇
48.There are four amendments to the Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them.
48.宪法有4条关于谁可以投票的修正案，请描述一下。
amendment - a change or addition, especially to the U.S. Constitution
Amendment—美国宪法的变更或增加
*Which amendment to the Constitution allowed non-whites to vote?
*宪法的哪条修正案允许非白人投票的？
to forbid - to prohibit; to not allow something; to make something illegal or unacceptable
To forbid—禁止；不允许某事；是某事非法或难以接受
*Her parents forbid her from seeing that boy again because they think he’s a bad influence on her.
*她的父母禁止她再和那个男孩约会，觉得他们的女儿被带坏了。
race - a person's skin color or ethnic background
Race—一个人的肤色或种族背景
*Have you ever dated someone outside of your own race?
*你和非同种族的人约过会吗？
eligible - meeting the requirements to do something; allowed to do something because one meets all of the requirements
Eligible—符合要求做某事；因为符合要求而允许做某事
*Jenna isn't eligible for some scholarship programs because her parents have too much money.
*珍娜不符合有些奖学金项目因为她父母太有钱了。
gender - sex; whether someone is a man or a woman
Gender—性别；某人是男人或女人
*Many people show babies' gender by dressing boys in blue and girls in pink.
*很多人通过给男孩穿蓝色给女孩穿粉色来表明孩子的性别。
to prohibit - to forbid; to not allow something; to make something illegal or unacceptable
To prohibit—禁止；不允许某事；是某事非法或难以接受
*Customers are prohibited from using the store's bathroom.
*顾客禁止使用商店的洗手间。
to cast (one's) ballot - to vote; to complete a ballot and give it to the officials
To cast (one’s) ballot—投票；完成投票并交给官员
*Who did you cast your ballot for in the last election?
*你最后一轮选举中选的谁？
suffrage - the right to vote; the freedom to be allowed to vote
Suffrage—投票的权利；允许投票的自由
*Who is the most famous person who fought for women's suffrage in the United States?
*美国为争取妇女投票权最出名的人是谁？