61.Why did the colonists fight the British?
61.殖民者们为什么要与英国人开战？
Answer:
答案：
because of high taxes (taxation without representation)
●因为高税收（无代表权的征税）
because the British army stayed in their houses (boarding, quartering)
●因为英国军人住在他们房子里
because they didn’t have self-government
●因为他们没有自主政府
Explanation:
解释：
When people first began living in the British colonies (or areas of land that belonged to Great Britain but that were far away), they still thought of themselves as British citizens. But over time, something changed. They began to rebel against (or stop obeying) the British government because they thought that they were being treated unfairly. The people had created a new identity (or the way that they saw and understood themselves) and were becoming Americans. They began to fight against the British for three main (or most important) reasons: high taxes, quartering, and the lack of self-government. Let’s look at each of these three reasons.
当人们刚开始住在英国殖民地时，他们还认为自己是英国公民，但随着时间的推移，事情改变了。他们开始反抗英国政府，因为他们认为自己遭受了部公平的对待。人们创建了一个新的身份，并慢慢成为美国人。他们因为三大原因开始和英国人开战：高税收，寄宿和缺乏政府自主，下面让我们一一分析一下原因。
The new Americans were unhappy with the high taxes (or money paid to the government) that were imposed (or forced on them) by the British government. It was taxation without representation, meaning that Americans were supposed to pay money to the British government even though they had no representation or ability to give their opinion in that government. This made the new Americans very angry.
新美国人对英国政府强加在他们身上的高税收很不高兴。这些税都是无代表权的征税，意思是即便美国人在英国政府没有代表或提建议的能力，他们也要想英国政府交税，着使新美国人非常愤怒。
Americans were also angry about the way that the British army treated them. British soldiers (or people who work in the army) were often quartered (or allowed to live, eat, and sleep in a place for a short period of time) in American homes without the permission (or approval) of the person who owned the home. Often these soldiers behaved very badly while they were in the home. This is the second reason why the new Americans decided to begin fighting against the British.
美国还因英国军人对待他们的方式感到愤怒。英国士兵经常不经过房主的同意就寄宿（允许短期内吃住睡在一个地方）在美国家庭中，通常这些士兵在美国家庭中行为恶劣，这是第二点美国人决定对英国人开战的原因。
The third reason that Americans fought against the British was because they lacked (or didn’t have) self-government, which was the ability to create and run their own government. The land that would become the United States was far away from Great Britain, yet all the government decisions were being made in Great Britain.The new Americans longed (or strongly wanted) to make their own decisions, but the British wouldn’t let them.
美国人向英国人开战的第三个原因是他们缺乏自主的政府，即创建和运行自己政府的能力。美国的这片土地远离英国，但英国政府管辖这一片区域。新美国人渴望自己能做决定，但英国人不同意。
So Americans fought against the British, and this fighting became known as the American Revolution, or the war that ended when the United States became its own country, separate from Great Britain.
因此美国人向英国人开战了，这场战争被称为美国革命战争，或者是美国从英国独立出来成立自己的国家的战争。
Glossary
词汇
61.Why did the colonists fight the British?
61.殖民者们为什么要与英国人开战？
colony - an area of land that is far away from the country it belongs to
Colony—远离自己国家的一块区域
*Pennsylvania was one of the earliest British colonies in North America.
*宾夕法尼亚州是英国在北美最早的一块殖民地之一。
to rebel against (something or someone) - to stop obeying something or someone; to stop doing what one has been told to do
To rebel against (something or someone)—不在遵守某事或某人；不再做某人被告知要做的事情
*Many teenagers rebel against their parents by wearing strange clothing and staying out later than they are supposed to.
*很多青少年通过穿奇怪的衣服，在外面待到很晚来卫康父母。
self-identity - the way that one sees and understands oneself
Self-identity—某人看到了解自己的方式
*Alexia's identity changed when she stopped working and decided to stay at home with her children.
*亚莉克希亚改变了身份，她决定辞职在家带孩子。
taxes - money that people and businesses pay to the government so that it can do good things for its citizens
Taxes—个人或公司乡政府上交的用来为公民做好事的钱
*If we raise taxes, the library will be able to buy more books.
*如果我们提高税收，图书馆就能多购买一些书。
to impose (something) on (someone) - to force someone to do or have something, especially if he or she does not want it
To impose (something) on (someone)—强迫某人做某事或拥有某物，尤其是某人不想要的
*Europeans imposed their way of life on Native Americans.
*欧洲人强迫本土美国人适应他们的生活方式。
taxation without representation - a system where a group of people paying money to a government when they cannot give their opinion to that government
Taxation without representation—一个群体的人向政府交税但不能向政府提建议的制度
*Taxation without representation was one of the main reasons why Americans wanted to form their own government.
*无代表权的征税是美国人想成立自己政府的原因之一。
soldier - a person who fights in the military; a person who fights in the war
Soldier—在部队打仗的人；在战争中打仗的人
*Soldier need to know how to use guns.
*士兵应该知道如何使用枪。
quartered - allowed to live, eat, and sleep in a place for a short period of time
Quartered—允许短期内吃住睡在一个地方
*During the storm, the refugees were quartered in other people's homes in a nearby town.
*暴风雨期间难民们寄宿在附近城镇的居民家中。
lack - to not have something that one needs
Lack—没有某人需要的东西
*They lacked food and water for two days when they got lost in the forest.
*他们在森林里迷失了2天，缺乏食物和水。
to long - to strongly want to have or do something
To long—强烈想拥有某物或做某事
*Gray longed to travel to other states, but he didn't have enough vacation time.
*格雷很想去其他州旅游，但他没有足够的假期。