C: Recent American History and Other Important Historical Information
C.近代美国历史和其他重要的历史信息
78.Name one war fought by the United States in the 1900s.
78.说出美国在20世纪参与的战争之一。
Answer:
答案：
•World War I•KoreanWar• (Persian) Gulf
●第一次世界大战 ●朝鲜战争 ●波斯湾战争
•World War II•VietnamWarWar
●第二次世界大战 ●越南战争
Explanation:
解释：
World War I, which was fought from 1914 to 1918, was called the War to End All Wars. People thought that it was such a big war that no other wars would need to be fought. Obviously (or clearly), this was wrong.
第一次世界大战发生于1914至1918年间，被称为结束所有战争的战争。人们认为这场战争规模空前，以后就不会再有战争了。很显然这是错的。
In the 1900s, the United States fought in five wars. After World War I, the United States fought in World War II. The United States didn’t want to fight in that war, but when the Japanese bombed (or dropped weapons or things that would explode on) Pearl Harbor, the country decided that it was time to join the war against Japan, Germany, and Italy.
20世纪美国参与了5次战争。第一次世界大战后美国参与了第二次世界大战。本来美国不想参战，但日本在珍珠港投了炸弹，美国决定是时候参战抗击日本，德国和意大利了。
The next war that the United States fought in during the 1900s was the Korean War between 1950 and 1953. North Korea and South Korea were fighting against each other, mostly because North Korea had a communist government and South Korea did not. Soon the United States and the Soviet Union became involved as an extension (or an additional part) of their Cold War, which was the period of time from the 1940s to the 1990s when the United States and the Soviet Union had many political problems with each other.
美国20世纪参与的第三场战争是1950至1953年间的朝鲜战争。北朝和南朝开战主要是因为北韩是共产主义政府而南韩不是。很快美国和苏联参与形成了冷战时期，冷战从20世纪40年一直持续到20世纪90年代，美国和苏联之间有很多政治问题。
After the Korean War, the United States fought in the Vietnam War from 1959 to 1975. As in the Korean War, the United States was trying to prevent Vietnam from having a communist government, or not let the country have a communist government. The war was very unpopular in the United States, meaning that many people didn’t want the United States to fight this war. Many U.S. soldiers (or the people who fought in the war) died. In the end, the United States lost and Vietnam became a communist country.
朝鲜战争之后，美国在1959至1975年间参与了越南战争。在朝鲜战争期间，美国就试图阻止越南组建共产主义政府。这场战争在美国很不得人心，很多人不希望美国参与这场战争。很多士兵在这场战争中死亡，美国在这场战争中战败了，越南成立了共产主义国家。
Finally, the last war fought by the United States in the 1900s was the Persian Gulf War, which is sometimes just called the Gulf War. This war was fought between Iraq and a coalition (or group that works together) of 34 countries, but the United States and the United Kingdom were the leaders. The United States’ reason for fighting in the war was to help the country of Kuwait, which had been invaded by Iraqi soldiers, which means that Iraqis had taken control of the country without the Kuwaitis’ permission. However, many Americans think that the Gulf War was really about getting enough oil for the United States and the other coalition countries to use.
美国20世纪参与的最后一场战争是波斯湾战争，有时候也被称为海湾战争。这场战争是伊拉克和以英国和美国为首的34个国家之间的战争。美国参与这场战争的理由是帮助被伊拉克是兵侵犯的科威特，也就是说伊拉克在没有科威特的准许下侵犯了其土地。但是很多美国人认为海湾战争是美国和其他联盟国家为获得足够石油而参与的。
Glossary
词汇
78.Name one war fought by the United States in the 1900s.
78.说出美国在20世纪参与的战争之一。
obviously - clearly; easily seen and understood
Obviously—清晰地；很容易看见和理解
*Some people thought that higher gas prices would make American stop driving, but obviously that isn't what has happened.
*有些人认为油价上涨会减少美国车辆出行，但很显然这没有发生
to bomb (a place) - to drop weapons or things that will explode over a building or an area of land
To bomb (a place)—向建筑或一片区域投放能爆炸的武器
*The pilots bombed the other country's airports.
*飞行员炸毁了另一国家的机场。
extension - an additional part of something; an additional period of time of something
Extension—某物附加的一部分；某物附加的一段时间
*The city is planning an extension of its subway to reach more areas outside the city.
*该市决定延长通往其他市的地铁。
Cold War - the period of time from the 1940s to the 1990s when the United States and the Soviet Union had many political problems with each other
Cold War—20世纪40年代到20世纪90年代期间美国和苏联之间存在很多政治问题
*During the Cold War, many Americans were scared that the Russians would send a nuclear bomb to the United States.
*冷战期间很多美国人担心苏联会向美国投放核武器。
to prevent - to make something impossible; to make something else not be able to happen
To prevent—使某事不可能发生；使另外的事不发生
*You can't prevent a cold, but you can make it less likely by eating well and washing your hands often.
*你不能阻挡寒冷，但你可以通过吃好勤洗手来降低寒冷。
unpopular - not popular; not liked by very many people
Unpopular—不受欢迎的；不受众人喜爱的
*What did the president do to make himself so unpopular among the people who voted for him?
*总统做了什么事情使投票选他的人都不待见他了。
coalition - a group of people or organizations that work together
Coalition—一群人或组织在一起工作
*This group is a coalition of nonprofit organizations that try to improve their communities.
*这个非营利性联盟组织致力于改善他们的社区。
to invade - to take control of a country without the permission of the people who live there
To invade—在没有经过居住在那里人同意的情况下控制一个国家
*What would we do if aliens invaded our country from another planet?
*如果其他星球的外星人侵犯我们国家怎么办？