80.Who was President during the Great Depression and World War II?
80.大萧条和第二次世界大战时期的总统是谁？
Answer:
答案：
(Franklin) Roosevelt
（富兰克林）罗斯福
Explanation:
解释：
When Franklin D. Roosevelt became president of the United States, he said, “the only thing we have to fear (or be afraid of) is fear itself." This phrase became very well known and gave inspiration (or hope) to millions of Americans who were living in very difficult times. Roosevelt became president in 1933 during the Great Depression, which was a period of time when the U.S. economy was doing very poorly.
富兰克林D.罗斯福当上总统时说：“我们唯一要害怕的事情就是害怕本身。”这句话后来非常出名，也激励了在困难时期数以百万计的美国人。罗斯福1933年你大萧条时期当上总统，这段时间是美国经济最困难的时期。
President Roosevelt did many things to help Americans during the Great Depression. He had a plan called the New Deal that helped the unemployed (or people who couldn’t find jobs), made the banking system better, and helped to strengthen the economy.
罗斯福总统为大萧条时期为美国做了很多事情。他推出的新政计划帮对失业人员，银行系统改善和增强经济起到了很大作用。
Then, just when the Great Depression was ending and the U.S. economy was getting better, World War II began and President Roosevelt had many new challenges (or things that are difficult to do). He started rationing, letting people have only small amounts of things that were also needed by the army. He also worked to expand (or make bigger) the manufacturing industry (or the part of the economy that makes things) in the United States. He approved the law that created a minimum wage, which is the smallest amount of money that a person can be paid for each hour of work.
大萧条结束不久美国经济才见好转之时第二次世界大战就爆发了，罗斯福总统又面临很多新挑战。他实行了定额配给，将资源倾斜优先配给部队，他还致力于扩张美国的制造业。他同意通过最低工资法，即人工每小时工作的最低报酬。
President Roosevelt served (or worked as president) for 12 years, from 1933 to 1945. He was the only U.S. President who has served more than two terms (or two four-year periods). After his presidency, the 22nd Amendment (or change to the law) to the U.S. Constitution was made, so that no president could serve more than two terms.
罗斯福总统从1933年到1945年共就任12年，他是美国唯一一位就任超过两届的总统。他离任后，美国宪法通过第22条修正案规定总统任期不能超过两届。
He was a very strong president, yet his body was weak (or not strong). President Roosevelt was almost paralyzed (or unable to move) in the lower part of his body. He used a wheelchair, which is a special chair on wheels, but he almost never let people see him using it.
他是一位非常强势的总统，但他的身体很脆弱。罗斯福总统的下半身几乎瘫痪，他使用轮椅但几乎从来都不让人们看到。
Glossary
词汇
80.Who was President during the Great Depression and World War II?
80.大萧条和第二次世界大战时期的总统是谁？
inspiration - something that one wants to do, or an exciting reason for wanting to do something good; having your mind feel excited to do something, especially something creative
Inspiration—某人想做的事或想做好事的理由；因做某事内心感到激动，尤其是有创造性的事情
*He says that his wife is his inspiration for painting.
*他说妻子是他创作的灵感。
Great Depression - a period of time in the 1930s when the U.S. economy was doing very poorly
Great Depression—20世纪30年代美国经济面临严峻挑战的时期
*During the Great Depression, many American families were worried that they didn't have enough money to buy food.
*大萧条时期很多美国家庭担心没有足够的钱买食物。
unemployed - people who cannot get a job
Unemployed—找不到工作的人
*The U.S. government gives the unemployed some money to help them while they are looking for a job.
*美国政府给失业找工作的人提供资金补助。
challenge - something that is difficult to do, but also may be exciting
Challenge—很难做但很兴奋的事
*Climbing Mount McKinley in Alaska, one of the tallest mountains on Earth, is a great physical challenge.
*阿拉斯加州的麦金利山是地球上最高的山脉之一，登这座山对身体是一个很大的挑战。
to ration - to allow people to have or to buy only a small amount of something because there is not enough of it for everyone
To ration—允许人们只卖少量的东西因为没有足够的东西满足所有人
*When was the last time that gasoline was rationed in the United States?
*美国上一次汽油分配是什么时候？
to expand - to make something bigger or to make it cover a larger area
To expand—使某物更大或覆盖更大的面积
*The university wants to expand its foreign language courses to include Japanese, Arabic, and Swahili.
*该所学校想扩展外语课程，包括日语，阿拉伯语和斯瓦西里语。
manufacturing industry - the part of the economy that makes things for people to buy
Manufacturing industry—制造东西供人们购买的行业
*Car companies are part of the manufacturing industry.
*汽车公司是制造业的一部分。
minimum wage - the smallest amount of money that a person can be paid legally for one hour of work
Minimum wage—人工法定工作每小时的最低报酬
*Many of the people who work at fast-food restaurants earn minimum wage.
*很多在快餐店工作的人拿的都是最低工资。
weak - not strong; not having much power
Weak—不强壮的；没有很多精力的
*She's too weak to lift a twenty-pound bag of flour!
*她弱的连20磅的面粉袋子都提不起来！
paralyzed - unable to move one's body
Paralyzed—不能移动某人的身体
*After the car accident, Logan was paralyzed from his neck down.
*车祸后洛根脖子以下的部分全瘫痪了。