Reporter: Mr. President, may I ask a question about the Atlantic Charter which was discussed at our last press conference? It seems that recently a number of people have felt that we are losing the purposes, or that they are slipping away from us —
记者：总统先生，我能不能问一个我们 在上次新闻发布会上讨论的关于大西洋 宪章的问题？最近好像很多人都感觉我 们丧失了主动性，或者是它们正逐渐溜 走——
Roosevelt: (interposing) Again, it depends on which paper you read.
罗斯福：（插话）再次声明，这取决于你 读的文件内容。
Reporter: Well, I would like to hear from the President and not merely from others. I would like to know what the President thinks about it?
记者：嗯，我想从总统这里听到回答， 而不仅仅是看其他的文件。我想知道总 统是怎么想的。
Roosevelt: Well, I ought to prepare something a little formal and think it over, but I will try it. There are certain —you might call them documents, because is a telegram a document?—I don’t know—“pronouncements"，call it that, that in all history have been made. Some of them are of a good deal of importance, some of them do have an effect on the thinking of a public towards objectives, and for a better world. And the Atlantic Charter stands as an objective. A great many of the previous pronouncements that go back many centuries have not been attained yet, and yet the objective is still just as good as it was when it was announced several thousand years ago. And I think that the objective of the Atlantic Charter is just as sound, if you believe in that kind of objective—some people don’t，some people laugh at it- just as valid as when it was announced in 1941. There are a lot of people who say you can’t attain an objective or improvement in human life or in humanity, therefore why talk about it. Well, those people who come out for the Ten Commandments will say we don’t all live up to the Ten Commandments, which is perfectly true, but on the whole they are pretty good. It's something pretty good to shoot for. The Christian religion most of us in the room happen to belong to, we think it is pretty good. We certainly haven’t attained it. Well, the Atlantic Charter is going to take its place, not comparing it with the Christian religion or the Ten Commandments, but as a definite step, just the same way as Wilson’s Fourteen Points constituted a major contribution to something we would all like to see happen in the world. Well, those Fourteen Points weren’t all attained，but it was a step towards a better life for the population of the world. And every once in a while somebody comes forward with something else, and will in the future. It depends a little bit on how you are built.
罗斯福：嗯，我应该事先准备一点正式 文件，考虑一下，但是我会试着回答一 下。当然你可以叫它们文件，因为电报 是文件吗？我不知道，“公告”，可以这 么说，是组成历史的公告。有些公告是 很重要的，有些公告会对公众想要一个 更好世界的目的产生了影响。大西洋宪 章就带有这个目的。很多之前的公告几 个世纪之前是没有的，但是其目的和几 千年后有了公告后的目的是一样的。我 想大西洋宪章的目的是很站得住脚的，如果你相信这个目的的话-----些人不相信而是嗤之以異，自从1941年宪章 宣布生效就一直如此。很多人说你不能 在人类生命或人性方面实现一个目标或 者是使之推进，因此我们才会谈论这 个。那些提出十诫的人并不都能遵守十 诫，这绝对是事实，但是从整体上看他 们又都很好。准备达到十诫的标准本身 也是好的。这间屋子里的人大部分都是 基督教徒，我们觉得这很好。但是当然 我们也没有达到。大西洋宪章虽然不能和基督教或者同十诫相比，但是也有自 己的位置，作为一个明确的步骤，它和 威尔逊的十四点原则对我们想在世界上 看到的事情作出重大贡献的方式具有异 曲同工之效。我们不能实现所有的十四点原则，但这为世界人 民拥有更好 的生活迈出了 一步。总 会有人时不 时的提出别的东西，将 来也是一样。这有点 儿取决于你 的本性。
Reporter: Mr. President, did you mean to imply by that that we are as far from attaining the ends of the Atlantic Charter as the world was a thousand years ago?
记者：总统 先生，你 在借此暗示我们现在要想实现大西洋宪 章，要走的路和1000年前一样吗？
Roosevelt: Oh, no. Oh, no. The world goes a little bit by peaks and valleys, but on the whole the curve is upward; on the whole, over these thousands of years human life is on a great deal better scale than it was then. And we have got a long way to go. But things are better, and things are going to get better, if we work for it. There are some people who don’t like to work for it- some people in this room—who are一what will I say?—congenitally “again” that sort of thing. Well, that is part of the peaks and valleys...
罗斯福：哦，不是，不是。这个世界高 峰与低谷交替，但是总体来看是上升的 曲线，整体来看，几千年后人类的生活 比那时要好太多。我们已经走了很长一 段路。事情在变好，也会越来越好，只 要我们为此努力。有些人不想为此努 力一我们这间屋里也有这样的人，我 怎么说呢？他们天生就是这样的。这也 是高峰和低谷的一部分……
Reporter: Mr. President, have there been any further developments toward a meeting between the Big Three?
记者：总统先生，三巨头之间还会有召 开会议的进展吗？
Roosevelt: Not yet. And, by the way, when it is- when a development is made, you won’t be told. (Laughter) There is such a thing known as security for a ship or for a plane, which we have to maintain, as we have in the past. It would be vital about maintaining it when they have known about the fact that I had gone —a pretty good guess as to which way I had gone would be the same thing.
罗斯福：还没有。顺便说一下，有进展 :的话，也不会告诉你们的。（笑声）大 家知道的，要保证船只或者飞机安全，我们必须和过 去一样坚持。 当他们知道我 已经出发了， 就会猜我会坐 什么去，所以 坚持这一点是 很重要的。
Mr. Early: Make that off the record.
厄里先生：这个别记。
Roosevelt: Yes. That’s off the record.
罗斯福：对，这个不记。
Reporter: Is there any chance of inviting or bringing, then, Mr. Stalin here, do you think?
记者：你觉得有没有可能邀请斯大林来这儿？
Roosevelt: No.
罗斯福：没有。
Reporter: Mr. President
记者：总统先生一
Roosevelt: (interposing) That has to be off the record.
罗斯福：（插话）那个也不能记。
Reporter： That’s all off the record, too?
记者：也不能记？
Roosevelt: Yes.
罗斯福：是的。
Reporter: Mr. President, is there anything that could be said to further our understanding as to what has held up this meeting up to this point? Since you have said you were anxious to meet, Mr. Churchill has said the same thing.
记者：总统先生，能不能说一些让我们 对主持的这次会议加深理解的事情？因 为你说过你很迫切地想要会见，丘吉尔 先生也说过同样的话。
Roosevelt Well, again, I have got to tell you off the record. It’s largely a question of geography. There aren’t three people in the same place. You can’t hold a conference in several different places. There has got to be one place. That has to be off the record, too. In other words, to find a place that three of us can go to.
罗斯福：嗯，我已经告诉你们不要记这 些了。这很大程度上是地理问题。这三 个人都不在一个地方。你不能在不同的 地方举行会议。只能去一个地方。这也 不要记。换句话说，要找一个我们三个 都能去的地方。
Reporter: Does the fact that the Premier of Russia is also actively at the head of the armed forces have a bearing on that?
记者：是不是俄罗斯在军事上的积极态 度也对此有影响？
Roosevelt: Oh, yes. Oh, yes. Oh, all kinds of factors...
罗斯福：哦，是的，是的，各种各样的因素……
Reporter: Mr. President, there has been some discussion of a joint chiefs of staff for political and economic questions, similar to the joint chiefs of staff for military questions. Is there anything comparable to that in contemplation?
记者：总统先生，有一些政治和经济相 关的联合长官的讨论，这和军事联合长 官问题很相似。你觉得这具有哪些可比 性呢？
Roosevelt: I think that was a columnist suggested that, wasn’t it? It was a columnist, that，s right. All we can say is that columnists are with us, an unnecessary excrescence on our civilization. Excuse me. (Laughter)
罗斯福:我想这是一个专栏作家说的 吧，是不是？是一个专栏作家，是的。 我们能说的是专栏作家和我们是一拨 的，是我们文明社会的不必要的累赘。 原谅我这么说。（笑声）
May Craig: (interposing) But you have one in the family! (Mrs. Roosevelt's column, My Day.) (Loud laughter)
梅克莱格：（插话）但是你们家就有一 个！（罗斯福夫人的专栏《我的日子》） (大家大笑）
Roosevelt： (laughing) Yes, that’s true. That’s different, (continued laughter) Very good—very good. That’s perfectly true, May, but it’s a little bit different. Mostly it’s a diary. (More laughter)...
罗斯福:（笑着）是的，没错。不过这 不一样。（继续笑）很好——很好。梅， 完全正确，但是有一点不同。我夫人基 本上写的是日记。（笑得更厉害了）
Reporter: When you speak of a managed currency，do you speak of a temporary proposition or a permanent system?
记者：你说管理通货的时候，说的是暂 时的提议还是永久的体制？
Roosevelt：It ought to be part of the permanent system that is off the record一it ought to be part of the permanent system, so we don’t run into this thing again...
罗斯福:应该是永久的体制的一部分， 这个别记一应该是永久体制的一部 分，所以我们不再讨论这个事情……
Reporter: Can you tell us anything about guaranteeing of bank deposits?
记者：能不能给我们讲讲如何保障银行存款？
Roosevelt：I can tell you as to guaranteeing bank deposits my own views, and I think those of the old Administration. The general underlying thought behind the use of the word “guarantee” with respect to bank deposits is that you guarantee bad banks as well as good banks. The minute the Government starts to do that the Government runs into a probable loss. I will give you an example.Suppose thereare three banks in town; one is 100 percent capable of working out, one 50 percent and another 10 percent. Now, if the Government assumes a 100 percent guarantee, it will lose 50 percent on one and 90 percent on the other. If it takes on a 50 percent guarantee, it will lose nothing on the first and second，but will lose a lot on the 10 percent solvent bank. Any form of general guarantee means a definite loss to the Government. The objective in the plan that we are working on can be best stated this way: There are undoubtedly some banks that are not going to pay one hundred cents on the dollar. We all know it is better to have that loss taken than to jeopardize the credit of the United States Government or to put the United States Government further in debt. Therefore, the one objective is going to be to keep the loss in the individual banks down to a minimum, endeavoring to get 100 percent on them. We do not wish to make the United States Government liable! for the mistakes and errors of individual banks, and put a premium on unsound banking in the future.
罗斯福:我说说关于保障银行存款的我 自己的看法，我考虑了旧政府的那一 套。关于银行存款，一般在使用“保 障”时强调的想法是既保障好的银行又 保障不太好的银行。政府一开始这么做 就可能要蒙受损失。给你们举个例子。 假设镇上有三家银行：一家是100%经 营得力，一家是50%,另一家是10%。 现在如果都进行100%的保障，那么就 会在一家损失50%，另一家损失90%。 如果只做50%的保障，第一家和第二 家上不会损失，但是在只有10%偿 付能力的那一家银行上政府就会损失 很多。任何正式的一般性保障都意味 着政府一定会损失。计划的目的可以 这么表述：无疑有些银行是不能支付100%的美元的。我们都知道最好接受 损失也不要冒损失美国政府信用的风 险，或者是让美国政府进一步负债。因 此这一目的是把在个体银行上的损失降 低到最小，试图得到100%的受益。我 们不想让美国政府在将来承担个体银 行的错误，还要给予不稳固的银行保险 费。
Reporter:That is off the record?
记者：这个也不记？
Roosevelt:Yes.
罗斯福:是的。
Reporter:Couldn’t you make it background? There is a demand for the guarantee proposition.
记者：能不能给我们讲一下背景？对保 障建议的要求。
Roosevelt:As long as you don’t write stories to give the average depositor the thought that his own particular bank isn’t going to pay. That is what I want to avoid, because, when you come down to it, the great majority of banks are going to pay up. There will be many other banks which won’t pay out the whole thing immediately, but will pay out 100 percent in time. There will be a very small number of banks that will probably have to go to the Examiner; but I don’t want anybody to get the idea in reading the stories that the average bank isn’t going to pay one hundred cents on the dollar, because the average bank is going to pay it...
罗斯福:只要你不发表长篇大论，让普 通的储户觉得他自己的银行不会支付他 们金钱就行。这是我要避免的，因为你 一旦这么写，大多数银行都要全部付 清。很多银行是不能立即支付出所有 的，但是会及时百分之百支付。也有一 小部分银行会去找审查员；但是我不想 让任何人读了这些报道后觉得普通的银 行不会百分之百支付美元，因为其实普 通的银行会这样的……