A meeting in Nairobi, Kenya featured environment ministers and civil society representatives from over 30 African countries with representatives of relevant United Nations agencies, the Chinese government and development partners from the west. Although this was essentially an African meeting, the presence of these non-African participants was crucial, given their economic and humanitarian engagement on the continent.
在肯尼亚首都内罗毕举行了一次会议，来自30多个非洲国家的环境部长、民间团体的代表 汇聚一堂，同联合国相关机构的代表、中国政府的代表以及西方合作伙伴的代表进行了会谈。 尽管从本质上说这是一次非洲国家的会议，但是考虑到这些来自非洲之外的与会者对非洲大 陆经济发展的贡献和人道主义方面的援助，他们能够出席此次会议也是至关重要的。
The Nairobi Declaration一as the fallout of that meeting has come to be known—acknowledged that climate change is fundamentally different from the conventional environmental agenda—the typical approach to which is to react, then correct. The participants seemed unanimous about the need to enhance Africa’s capacity to adapt; and to strengthen local agricultural innovation systems, particularly in high-potential areas. Ministers agreed that adaptation is not just an option, but a policy imperative. Without such a strategy, Africa will be far worse off.
作为此次会议的成果，《内罗毕宣言》承认气候变化从根本上说同传统的环境议题不同。针对 传统的环境议题通常所采取的方案是先采取行动，然后再纠正错 误。全体与会者似乎已经就增强非洲的适应能力、加强当地农业的 创新体系，尤其是在潜力巨大的领域,达成了共识。环境部长们一 致认为：增强适应能力已经不仅仅是一个选项，而应该是一项至关 重要的政策。如果没有这样的战略,非洲的情况将会进一步恶化。
Ecosystems across the continent, many of which supply vital services for the livelihoods of the poor, are under heavy pressure. Despite an already erratic climate, a report confirms scientific research that “indicates new and dangerous extremes” for Africa. The danger is that a changing climate threatens to undo some of the gains Africa has made in reducing poverty, keeping the continent perpetually poor. This report estimates that rising sea levels could potentially submerge 30% of Africa’s coastal settlements, displacing millions of people and animals, and causing the complete disappearance of many animal species. Given that agriculture is undoubtedly the most important sector in the economies of most African countries, a measure of urgency is needed in dealing with the matter. Anything that involves agriculture touches on the very survival of over 70% of Africans.
整个非洲大陆的生态系统都处于重压之下,而其中许多为穷苦 人的生计提供着重要的资源。非洲的气候尽管巳经变化无常,一份 报告却证实非洲将遭受“新的、危险的极端气候”。非洲所面临的危 险是：不断变化的气候将可能使非洲在减少贫困方面所取得的成 果化为乌有,令非洲大陆的贫困状况无限期延续下去。这份报告估 计，海平面的上升将淹没非洲30%的沿海居民区，使数百万人和动 物流离失所,并导致多种动物从地球上彻底灭绝。由于农业无疑是 大多数非洲国家最重要的经济组成部分，因此必须采取紧急措施来 解决这一问题。任何关于农业的举措都关系到70%以上非洲人口的 生计。
In some sense, reparation is what Africa demands at Copenhagen. Its total contribution to global climate change is less than 5%, yet Africa suffers disproportionately from its effect. At Copenhagen, African leaders will be asking the big emitters—the United States and Europe~to lead the way, not just in rhetoric, but in helping developing nations mobilize and adapt to what has come to represent the biggest threat to the continued existence of their people. The United States is the world’s largest polluter, accounting for about half the world’s carbon emissions. But she was bound to targets under the Kyoto Protocol. However, the Bush era has now ended and an African-American is now in the White House. Africa will expect President Obama to consider the impact of his country's foot-dragging on ordinary farmers in agrarian communities like Kogelo village, where his father was bom, in Nyanza province, Kenya.
从某种意义上说,非洲在哥本哈根会议上需要的是补偿。由非 洲所造成的气候变化占全球气候变化的比例不到5%,但是非洲所 遭受到的气候变化的影响却严重得多。在哥本哈根,非洲国家领导 人将会要求包括美国、欧洲在内的排放大国起到表率作用，这种表 率作用不只是说说而已，而是要切实帮助发展中国家行动起来,积极应对给他们的国民生存所带来的巨大威胁。美国是世界上最大的排污国，其碳排放量约占世界 碳排放总量的一半,然而它并未达到京都议定书所制定的目标。所幸的是，布什时代结束了，而现 在由一位非洲裔美国人入主白宫。非洲期盼着奥巴马总统能够意识到他的国家在这个问题上的裹 足不前对那些以务农为生的普通农民所带来的影响。而其中就包括他的父辈生长的位于肯尼亚尼 扬扎省柯基洛村的人们。
African leaders will to go to Denmark in December with the hope that by the end, a new carbon trading mechanism that will make available four-to-five times what was set out in Kyoto for miti> gation and adaptation projects. If well invested, this could help the continent develop rapidly, with minimum human impact on the environment. This is the crux of the Nairobi declaration.
非洲领导人们12月份将在丹麦聚集一堂。他们希望此次会议能够建立一个新的碳交易机制， 从而将京都议定书中用于缓解和应对气候变化项目的投资提高4到5倍。如果投资能够充分发挥作 用，那么这些投资就能够帮助非洲在加快发展速度的同时，降低人类对环境的影响。这才是《内罗 毕宣言》的关键所在。
The uneven playing field is one major reason why there are not many CDM projects in Africa, but a lack of African political will and the attitudes of the private sector have also contributed to the problem. The private sector in Africa has a low awareness about CDM, because capacity-building activities have largely focused on governments and non-governmental institutions. Many thought erroneously that CDM was more of a source of donor funding than a market-based mechanism. While Africa will worry about the dangers that climate change poses, it must also be active in seeking out varied, innovative solutions.
游戏规则的不平等导致清洁发展机制项目在非洲得不到很好的推广。然而,非洲自身缺乏政 治意愿，以及私营企业缺乏意识也同样是导致问题的原因。由于能力建设多集中于各级政府和非 政府机构，因此，非洲的私营企业对于清洁发展机制还不够了解。许多私营企业还错误地认为清洁 发展机制只不过是一个获得资金援助的渠道，而不是一种市场机制。因此，非洲在为气候变化所带 来的危险担忧的同时，必须抱着积极主动的态度，努力寻求多种多样的、具有创新性的解决方案。