Development of alternative energy should create more than 20 million jobs around the world in coming decades as governments adopt policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, according to a UN report released in July.
7月发布的一份联合国报告称,随着各国政府推行减少温室气体排放的政策，可替代能源技术 的发展在未来几十年内将为世界各地创造2000多万个就业机会。
Some 2.3 million people already work in green energy jobs with half of them in biofuels, said the report “Green Jobs: Towards Decent Work in A Sustainable, Low-carbon World,” commissioned and funded by the UN's Environment Program.
该报告题为绿色工作：向低碳、可持续世界的美好职业进 军”。报告中说，目前全世界已有约230万人从事与绿色能源有关的 工作，其中有一半的人在生物能源领域。该报告是受联合国环境规 划署的委托和资助编撰的。
Creation of the jobs will depend on countries implementing and broadening policies, including capping emissions of greenhouse gases and shifting of subsidies from old energy forms to new ones, in the effort to slow global warming, it said.
报告还称，未来新职业的创造主要取决于各国如何有效地实施 以及扩展应对全球变暖的各项政策,其中包括减少温室气体排放以 及把对传统能源领域的补贴用于新能源幵发等。
The report was written before the US credit crisis reshaped Wall Street and reverberated around the world, which could slow many sectors, including alternative energy.
该报告编撰于美国华尔街信贷危机爆发前，这场危机的影响波 及全球，而且还可能会减慢包括可替代能源在内的很多领域的发展。
It said some 12 million new jobs could be created by 2030 in biofiiels-related agriculture and industry.
报告称，到2030年，与生物能源有关的农业和其它行业预计将 新增约1200万个就业机会。
Bioftiel critics say current US ethanol，which is mostly made from com, does little to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. But companies are racing to make cleaner, next-generation ethanol from sources including crop waste and rapidly growing non-food crops like and poplar trees.
生物能源批评人士指出，目前美国以玉米为原料生产出来的乙 醇并没有对温室气体减排做出多大贡献。不过现在有很多生产商正 试图用作物废料和生长速度很快的软茎黍、杨树等非食用作物来制 造更为清洁的新一代乙醇燃料。
The report said many jobs in the biofuels industry are unfair to workers. “Much of the employment on sugarcane and palm oil plantations in countries like Brazil, Colombia, Malaysia and Indonesia is marked by poor pay and dangerous working conditions，，，it said.
该报告还指出，生物能源领域产生的很多就业机会并没有给工 人很好的保障。“比如,在巴西、哥伦比亚、马来西亚和印度尼西亚等 国家的甘蔗和棕榈油种植园，那里的工人不仅工资低,而且工作环 境也很危险。”
“There is also concern that large-scale biofUels production might drive large numbers of people off their land in fliture years,” it said.
报告称，“也有一种担忧认为,未来生物燃料的大规模生产可能 会让很多人失去家园。”
Manufacturing, installing, and maintaining solar panels should add 6.3 million jobs by 2030 while wind power should add more than 2 million jobs. Even more jobs could be created in the building, recycling, clean vehicle manufacturing sectors, the report said.
到2030年，太阳能电池板的制造、安装和维修领域预计能增加 630万个岗位,风能领域则能新增200万个岗位。此外，建筑、再利用 和清洁交通工具制造领域甚至能创造更多的就业机会。
A study carried out by Washington says:
一项来自华盛顿的研究指出：
A major shift to renewable energy and efficiency is expected to produce 4.2 million new environmentally friendly “green” jobs over the next three decades, according to a study commissioned by the nation’s mayors.
根据一项受国家委托的市长研究报告，向可再生能源和高效率的重大转变预计可在未来30年 内创造对环境有利的420万个“绿色”岗位。
The study, to be released this month by the US Conference of Mayors, says that about 750,000 people work today in what can be considered green jobs, from scientists and engineers researching alternative fuels to makers of wind turbines and more energy-efficient products.
这项将在本月的全美市长会议上公布的报告又说,今天约75万份的工作中，只有研究替代燃 料的科学家和工程师,以及风涡轮机和其他更节能产品的制造商可被视为绿色职业。
But that’s less than one half of 1 percent of total employment. By 2038, another 4.2 million “green” jobs are expected to be added, accounting for 10 percent of new job growth over the next 30 years, according to the report by Global Insight, Inc.
环球透视公司的报告说，这还不到1%就业总人数的一半。预计到2038年会增加另外420万份 “绿色”工作,可以占到未来30年就业增长的10%。
“It could be the fastest growing segment of the United States economy over the next several decades and dramatically increase its share of total employment,” said the report, obtained Wednesday by The Associated Press.
美联社周三的一份报告说在未来几十年的美国经济增长里,这可能是速度最快的，还将大 幅提高其占总就业份额的比例。”
However, the study cautioned such job growth won’t be realized without an aggressive shift away from traditional fossil fuels toward alternative energy and a significant improvement in energy efficiency. For example, it assumes by 2038 that alternative energy will account for 40 percent of electricity production with half of that coming from wind and solar; widespread retrofitting of buildings to achieve a 35 percent reduction in electricity use; and 30 percent of motor fuels coming from ethanol or biodiesel.
然而，如果不积极从传统的化石燃料转移到发展可替代能源与提高能源效率的话，这样的就 业增长预计也不可能实现。例如,我们假定到2038年40%的电力是由替代能源提供的,其中风能和 太阳能供应量占5%，建筑物改造能降低35%的耗电以及30%的发动机燃料采用乙醇或者生物柴油。