BBC中国故事第一集祖先 Part 6 古代占卜

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[00:02.91]At Anyang, Chinese archaeologists made their greatest discovery.在安阳，考古学家们有了最重大的发现。
[00:09.15]Huge tombs of the last Shang kings with mass human sacrifice and crucially, written texts on oracle bones.末代商王的坟墓和大量的陪葬者，还有最重要的：刻在甲骨上的文字。
[00:21.58]1928 they finally found the location and they started the excavation.在1928年，他们终于找到了遗址，并且开始了挖掘工作。
[00:28.66]From the excavation they found nearly 30,000 oracle bones.....挖掘完成之后，他们发现了近3万份甲骨。
[00:34.60]documenting divination performed on behalf of nine late Shang kings.记载着为商的九代君主做出的占卜。
[00:45.20]- I love all the portraits of the people.我喜欢这些人的相片。
[00:46.75]- Yes, yes.对，对。
[00:47.56]There is something so optimistic about their faces.脸上的表情特别乐观。
[00:52.60]They thought that their task is to prove that Chinese history was true.他们认为自己的使命就是证明中国历史确实存在。
[01:00.60]Epoch-making, in world archaeology, really.这在考古界确实是划时代的。
[01:03.66]Absolutely, yes.没错。
[01:07.60]- Now we knew that they were historical.现在我们知道了：历史是真实的。
[01:09.90]- Yes.没错。
[01:12.73]Anyang was the final capital of the Shang Dynasty.安阳是商朝的最后一代古都。
[01:16.59]They ruled for 500 years, controlling the whole of central China.他们的统治超过了500年，统治着整片中原地区。
[01:21.62]The first Chinese state.是中国史上第一个国家。
[01:28.44]Their authority rested on force but was validated by divination.国家的统治由武力建立，但仍需占卜来巩固。
[01:33.51]The Shang kings and their diviners burned cracks in tortoise shells or cow bones to speak to the ancestors.商朝的国王和祭司通过烧裂乌龟壳或者牛骨，来和先人对话。
[01:43.10]So basically, they chose one piece of bone or shell and then they drilled some holes, and then they heat up these holes with some special plants 通常，他们会选一块骨头或者龟壳，在上面钻一些孔，然后用一些特殊的植物加热这些孔。
[01:54.55]and then these will create some cracks, and then they look at the pattern of these cracks.这会产生一些裂痕。他们就观察这些裂痕形成的图案。
[02:00.89]- And the cracks come the other side, is that right?裂痕是在另一边。
[02:02.74]- Yes.对。
[02:04.30]And then they can read these patterns and make their predictions about whether these divinations are auspicious or it is actually against the will of the ancestral spirits, 他们通过解读这些图案来做出预言，判断是吉兆还是违反了祖先的意志，
[02:17.15]so they should not be carrying out the activity they were asking for.如果是后者，他们就不会付诸行动。
[02:23.20]- So the diviners are asking for the favour of the ancestral spirits.所以占卜就是为了寻求先人的意见。
[02:26.92]- Yes.没错。
[02:28.61]So basically it's their special way to communicate with their ancestors.这就是一种他们与先人交流的特殊方式。
[02:34.88]- The ancestors are the key people in their mental universe.先人是他们精神世界中的关键人物。
[02:36.30]- Yes.对。
[02:39.12]Fantastic.有趣。
[02:40.10]Basically, in every aspect of their society, including, for instance, the harvest.一般来说，当时社会的各个方面，包括，比如说收成。
[02:44.83]This one is even about praying for rain.这一块就是用来求雨的。
[02:48.24]Rain and water would be a big part of their concerns living in the Yellow River plain, I suppose.雨水确实是他们考虑的大问题，毕竟生活在黄河流域。
[02:55.59]Yes, for agricultural society it is absolutely crucial.对于农业社会来说，这个非常关键。

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BBC中国故事 第一集 祖先 Part 6 古代占卜

BBC中国故事第一集祖先 Part 6 古代占卜