BBC中国故事第一集祖先 Part 9 神秘的观星象，知天命

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[00:09.89]as the Shang diviners asked the ancestors in heaven for guidance, anxiously watching the stars for omens of auspiciousness and omens of disaster.同时，商朝的祭司向天上的祖先请求指引，并焦急地观察星象，以获知凶吉征兆。
[00:28.99]To them, time, as revealed in the movements of the stars and planets, was a truly portentous dimension, full of danger as well as auspiciousness,  对于他们来说，根据恒星和行星的移动所构成特定的时辰，是充满预兆性的，可据此辨认凶吉，
[00:41.45]and especially for the rulers,for they knew that in time the planets would reveal heaven's judgment on their earthly rule.特别是对于统治者，因为他们知道，总有一天，上天会对他们的世俗统治降下评价。
[00:53.93]That brings us to one of the key ideas in early Chinese thought, the Mandate of Heaven.这也是古代中国人的核心思想之一--天命。
[01:07.84]The early Chinese believed their rulers should protect the people, keeping harmony with the order of heaven.古时中国人相信统治者应该保护子民、遵循天命。
[01:15.84]It was said the first Shang king had even offered himself as a sacrifice in time of drought.传说第一代商王在大旱时，以自己作为祭品。
[01:27.44]But legend said the last Shang king was so depraved and cruel that heaven withdrew its mandate, and it gave a sign.但传说最后一任商王过于腐败残暴，所以天庭收回任命，作为警告。
[01:37.26]Five planets came together in the rarest of conjunctions.五颗星星以最不常见的结构组合在一起。
[01:44.71]As this happens only once every 516 years, we can pin down the very day.这种现象每516年发生一次，我们可以确定这一天的日期。
[01:51.35]So you can follow any single planet? 可以追寻任何一个星球的轨迹？
[01:53.74]Yes. 对
[01:53.88]It's just...wonderful.这真是...太神奇了。
[01:58.57]We asked the Beijing Planetarium to work out the exact 'date of the omen and to show us the night sky at that moment.我们请求北京天文台计算出预兆出现的准确日期，并向我们展示当时的星象。
[02:08.39] So it's what historians always want to do, is actually go back in time - Mr Liu can do it for us.历史学家永远的梦想，穿越时空回到过去--刘先生可以帮助我们达成这一愿望。
[02:13.39]He can actually take us back to late May 1058 BC on his computer system, which is 1059 BC on historians' calculations.他的电脑系统带我们回到公元前1058年的五月末，历史学家们计算出的是公元前1059年。
[02:29.40]This time, this place, the sky...这一时刻，这个地方，天象是这样的......
[02:32.19]you can see them.你可以看到。
[02:34.75]The tribes who lived under the Shang tyranny saw the sign 'and made an alliance under a man known for his virtue, 'King Wen of the Zhou.生活在商王朝暴政之下的部落看见这一星象纷纷结盟，拥护德性高尚的周文王。
[02:45.88]This five-planet conjunction happens once every 516 years but that moment was the closest that has ever happened in human history 这种五星结构516年出现一次，而那一次是人类历史上最近的一次。
[02:56.37]and at that time the early Chinese chronicles say...据中国史书记载......
[03:00.41]when the five planets gather in the constellation called the Chamber a great vermillion bird landed on the altar of the earth on Mount Qi.五颗行星连接在一起叫做五星聚房，一只巨大的朱雀落在岐山的神坛上。
[03:17.23]In its beak was a jade sceptre, and it spoke, saying, "Heaven has commanded that the King...它嘴里叼着一根玉权杖，它说：“天庭有命”
[03:24.88]of the Zhou should overthrow the King of the Shang "and take the kingdom.“令周推翻商王”并统治帝国。
[03:40.63]In the final battle, the wicked Shang king saw his subjects had turned against him.在决战中，残暴的商王发现臣民纷纷弃他而去。
[03:48.61]So he burned his palace with his treasures and his concubines and put on his jade suit and walked into the fire.他防火烧了宫殿，也烧了宫中的珍宝和嫔妃，然后穿上金缕玉衣走入火中。
[04:00.95]And so the ancestors passed the mandate to the King of the Zhou.祖先将天命授予周王。
[04:05.56]And he laid down the pattern of rule for future ages.他将德治流传给后世。
[04:09.38]Rulers must be virtuous and keep harmony between humanity and the cosmos by observing the rites and the music of the heavens.统治者一定要有德，并遵循上天的仪式和礼乐，以求天人和谐。
[04:19.92]RELIGIOUS MUSIC PLAYS 
[04:22.87]And, amazingly, some of the ritual traditions of the Zhou have come down to us today.神奇的是，周王朝的一些礼仪传统传承至今。
[04:30.65]China's oldest religion is Taoism.道教，中国最古老的宗教。
[04:34.79]In their ceremonies and their music the Taoists, the "seekers after the Way", are a living link with these ancient ideas about the relation of the kingdoms of earth and heaven.道教有自己的仪式礼乐，信徒追寻着“道”，他们连接着先人关于国家之间和天人之间关系的思想。
[04:49.96]CHANTING 
[05:25.92]And these very ancient customs and beliefs are still held in affection and practised by the ordinary Chinese people today.这些古老的习俗和信仰依然被今日的中国百姓所相信甚至实践。
[06:00.20]In later times the Zhou came to be seen as model rulers, fulfilling heaven's mandate.后来周王朝被看作统治者的模范，遵循天命。
[06:09.30]But China's fate throughout its history has been to fragment in times of crisis.但是纵观历史中国也曾在动荡时期分崩离析。
[06:16.20]HE SCREAMS 
[06:19.89]Eventually Zhou power disintegrated.最终周王朝也衰败了。
[06:24.33]And the heartland of China descended into chaos.中原地区陷入混战。
[06:32.21]Across the middle land, feuding kings and warlords fought for supremacy.长期战乱，群雄争霸。
[06:42.70]Surrounded by their armies, even in death.即使死后，也被三军拥簇。
[06:56.66]Amazing sight, isn't it? 非常壮观，是吧？
[06:58.31]This is one of more than a dozen chariot burial pits that have been uncovered in the middle of Luoyang in the last few years.这是数十个战车墓葬之一，前几年在洛阳中部被发掘。
[07:06.31]This with excavated in 2003 during the modern building boom.这是在2003年现代建筑潮中发掘出来的。
[07:12.69]There's 18 chariots and their horses here, associated with the tombs of the Kings of the Eastern Zhou.有18辆战车和相配的战马，与东周帝王的墓连在一起。
[07:21.90]It's the world of Achilles and Hector in more than just the military hardware.这是荷马史诗一般的战乱时代，而且不仅仅是军事混战。
[07:27.70]Politically, just like Agamemnon, the kings here in the central plain of China depended on the co-operation of vassal states, smaller kingdoms.政治上亦然，就像阿伽门农（特洛伊战争中希腊军队的统帅），中原地区的王国依赖于周边小诸侯国合作。
[07:37.88]Sometimes more than 100 of them.有时多达一百个诸侯国。
[07:40.52]But these were rivals fighting each other, just like the Greek heroes sacking cities and enslaving their populations.他们互相征战，就像古希腊的英雄们一样劫掠城镇、俘虏并奴隶当地百姓。

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BBC中国故事 第一集 祖先 Part 9 神秘的观星象，知天命

BBC中国故事第一集祖先 Part 9 神秘的观星象，知天命