BBC中国故事第一集祖先 Part 11 秦始皇及兵马俑

Learn English free online - how to pronounce word in English - English Learning Online- www.pronounceword.com

[by:www.pronounceword.com]
[00:14.00]And when their end came no-one was listening to arguments about morality but only the claims of violence and war.没有人聆听道德的争辩，只有暴力和战争的宣言。
[00:27.78]BATTLE CRIES And one of those warring states was the Qin.秦是战国霸主之一。
[00:34.25]Through military conquest they swallowed up the Zhou and the other states of the Yellow River plain.秦通过战争吞并了周和黄河平原的其他国家。
[00:46.16]And in 221 BC they proclaimed their leader the First Emperor of all China.....在公元前221年，秦王被推举为中国的第一位皇帝......
[00:54.91]Qin Shi Huangdi.秦始皇。
[01:10.97]The First Emperor imposed his own revolutionary political system on the conquered lands.始皇在他征服的广袤大地上推行了革命性的政治体系。
[01:17.82]Dispossessing the old aristocracies, creating an enormous captive labour force to build his new state, the Qin.驱逐旧贵族阶级，创建一支强大的劳役和军队，建立起他的新疆域--大秦。
[01:27.32]That's the source of the name China used today by the outside world, although not by the Chinese themselves.外国人对中国的称呼也来源于此（China与秦音近似），不过中国人并不这么称呼自己。
[01:42.64]Qin Shi Huangdi built the first Great Wall.秦始皇修建了第一条长城。
[01:46.49]He made a new road system linking the 36 military provinces.他修建了新的道路系统，覆盖了三十六郡。
[01:52.64]For tax and commerce the weights and measures were standardised.统一了税收、贸易及度量衡的标准。
[01:56.10]There was to be a uniform coinage.并且统一了货币。
[02:01.26]And the Chinese script itself was simplified so the Emperor's will could be conveyed right down to the local magistrates, 简化了文字，因此皇帝的意志可以直接传达到地方政府。
[02:09.87]who administered a population of more than 30 million people.皇帝管理着三千万人民。
[02:15.46]Almost a third of the world.接近当时世界人口的三分之一。
[02:25.89]And the key to the Qin Emperor's power was the army.秦始皇权力的关键是军队。
[02:33.40]It was the image of the empire - discipline, obedience, hierarchy.军队代表着帝国的形象--纪律、服从、等级严明。
[02:42.51]With their mass-produced bronze weapons and mechanical crossbows there'd been nothing like this in the whole of history.他们大量生产青铜武器和十字弩，这在历史上前所未有。
[03:11.69]Infantry, archers and cavalry and charioteers, so that's really the battle formation of the Qin Dynasty.步兵团、弓箭手、骑兵和战车--这就是秦朝的真实战斗队形。
[03:04.60]So...how Qin...how the First Emperor conquered the other states, used his military troops.于是，能看到秦始皇是如何用他的军队征服了其他国家。
[03:11.43]- Frightening actually! 看起来挺可怕的！
[03:12.29]- Yeah. 没错。
[03:12.89]- When you're faced with them like this! 就这么面对面的看着！
[03:14.90]One of the most amazing discoveries ever, isn't it, really? 有史以来最令人震惊的发现之一，对吧？
[03:17.28]- Yeah. 没错。
[03:18.12]- And more recently you've discovered pits, not with warriors but with other people attached to the court. 最近你们发现了一些没有兵马俑但是有其他角色的墓葬坑。
[03:26.36]We found terracotta acrobats, terracotta musicians and actually bronze birds, bronze chariots.我们发现了陶土做的杂技演员和演奏家，以及青铜做的鸟和战车。
[03:36.54]All part of the whole tomb complex. 这个墓葬系统，
[03:39.17]They serve the Emperor in his afterlife. 都是为了死后服务君王的。
[03:46.22]This pit is one of nearly 200, large and small, found so far.这是目前发现的200个坑中的一个，它们有大有小。
[03:51.70]The more the archaeologists look, the more they find.考古学家挖掘得越多，发现就越多。
[04:00.58]I think we are very similar to the doctor.我想我们和医生非常相似。
[04:03.03]The only difference is our patient is different.唯一的区别就是我们的病人不一样。
[04:07.30]Paranoid to the end, the Emperor took no chances, 'magically protected by his army even in the afterlife.作为及其偏执的人，皇帝行事很谨慎。他幻想即使死后，他的军队也保卫他。
[04:17.50]-Do we know what rank he was in the army? 能知道他在军队的等级吗？
[04:20.26]-No, he's a normal soldier. 他是一名普通的士兵。
[04:23.27]-You can tell that by the headdress and the armour? 通过头饰和盔甲就能辨认出来吗？
[04:25.79]-Depends on his armour and depends on his.. . his troops, because general has more detail, 取决于他的盔甲和他的军队，因为将军的细节更多
[04:36.17]- more... 有更多......
[04:36.46]- Posh clothes. 漂亮的衣服.
[04:37.30]- Yeah. 对。
[04:41.70]More... 更多...
[04:43.30]- Yeah! 对！
[04:44.63]More... 更有...
[04:45.41]- A stern look of command, hasn't he? 指挥时的坚定的眼神，对吧？
[04:55.90]We've all become so familiar with the images of the Terracotta Army. 对于兵马俑的样子，我们都很熟悉了。
[04:59.53]So familiar perhaps that it's easy to forget their significance in the history of China and of the world.甚至有些太过于熟悉，以至于容易忘记他们在中国以及世界历史中的意义。
[05:09.00]How this vast and diverse area became one state, that's one of the great themes of our story.这个广阔而多元的疆域如何统一成一个国家，这是我们故事的伟大主题之一。
[05:17.19]As we've already seen, it began a long time before, with the Xia and Shang Dynasties,正如我们之前所见，这个统一趋势开始得很早，夏商时期就已经初现端倪，
[05:23.35]but without the Qin Emperor, whose army is arrayed before us now, it might never have happened.但是如果没有秦始皇，没有我们面前这支军队，统一也许永远不会发生。
[05:30.42]The beginnings of China as a unitary state, as the world's first bureaucratic, centralised empire, begin with Qin Shi Huangdi.中国作为一个统一国家，世界上第一个官僚政治，中央集权的国家，这一切都从秦始皇开始。
[05:45.40]But the First Emperor's rule over China was brief, just 11 years, his son's even briefer, 但是秦始皇只统治了短短的十一年，他的儿子在位时间更短。
[05:51.85]their hated regime overthrown by a rebellion led by the peasant Liu Bang, who founded the dynasty after whom the Chinese still name themselves today, the Han.他们令人憎恶的政权被农民出身的反叛军领袖刘邦推翻，他随后建立了朝代名称成为大部分中国人所属民族的名字--汉。
[06:05.70]FIREWORKS EXPLODE HE YELLS 
[07:15.46]And for all the wars and revolutions, the triumphs and tragedies that would follow,不管发生多少战争和革命，酿造多少胜利和惨剧，
[07:20.35]the idea will never be lost that China, a land of so many peoples and cultures, is a single state and a single civilisation.有一个概念永不改变，即拥有众多民族和多样文化的中国永远是一个统一的国度，一个统一的文明。
[07:31.57]Still today the Chinese call themselves Han.今天的中国人仍称自己为汉人。
[07:35.53]They speak of "our Han culture" and "Han speech".他们谈及“汉文化”和“汉语”。
[07:40.65]As if one great tribe. 仿佛来自同一个伟大的部族。
[07:43.87]A tribe with many stories but one great story - China itself. 这个部族有许多故事，其中最伟大的是中国本身。
[07:53.40]And at the very heart of the story the link between the state and the family and the ancestors.故事的核心是国家、家庭和先祖的联系。
[08:02.15]Over the next 2,000 years these values will run under the surface of the great river of Chinese history.统一后的两千多年，这些观念仍在中国历史长河中流淌。
[08:10.48]Often tested, sometimes seemingly broken, but still passed on across even the tyrannies and cruelties of the 20th century.常常受到考验，有时看似败落，但仍旧流传，即使二十世纪的暴政与动荡也不能动摇。
[08:24.47]At the Temple of Nuwa, the mother goddess of the Chinese people, the pilgrims are gathering again to give thanks to the ancestors.在中国的创世神女--女娲庙中，朝圣者又一次聚集，感谢先祖。
[08:40.86]This prayer ceremony was last done 100 years ago at the end of the empire.上一次这样的祈祷仪式在一百年前的帝国末期。
[08:46.41]Now the rituals are brought back to life for today's people, recreated with words from sacred books over 2,000 years old.现在，今人将旧日仪式重拾，用两千年前的典籍为它注入新的活力。
[08:54.80]It's a symbol of today's China.这就是今天中国的象征。
[08:58.62]After the ravages of the 20th century the Chinese people's belief in their history as a source of strength, not weakness, has returned.经历了20世纪的浩劫，中国人再一次坚信：历史是力量的来源，而不是弱点。
[09:08.70]The ideas that nourished their identity for so long handed down now into an ever more competent and expansive Chinese future.这个观念传承千年，滋养着中国人的身份认同，以后还将见证中国变得更加强大。
[09:19.44]With a new text, may our country's great traditions be passed down once more from generation to generation.在新的篇章里，愿我们国家的伟大传统一代代继续传承。
[09:56.73]So that's the first part of this great adventure, the story of China.这就是中国故事的第一章节。
[10:02.49]And this is just the beginning.这才刚刚开始。
[10:04.77]In the next chapter of the story, China goes out to the world in one of the greatest epochs in world civilisation, the Tang Dynasty.在下一章节中，中国将进入一个世界文明中最伟大的纪元之一--唐朝。

Our dictionary

BBC中国故事 第一集 祖先 Part 11 秦始皇及兵马俑

BBC中国故事第一集祖先 Part 11 秦始皇及兵马俑